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The present article seeks to show the participation of the Congregation of the Oratory of St. Philip Neri in the process of spreading literacy in New Spain during the 18th century. Through an analysis of a variety of handwritten and edited documentary sources, it shows that the order founded by St. Philip Neri contributed to the enlightened project through its work of promoting public education for both sexes and the inclusion of modern disciplines in the education offerings of its secondary and primary schools, especially in the Bajío region.