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Processes of gentrification can be seen in the historic center of Cartagena de Indias, which arise from the colonial city and the republican capital, suitable as a military fort, maritime port, railway station and cultural district. This led to the occupation of the peripheral areas and the displacement of the people who lived there to give way to walls, urban walkways, railway lines and motorized avenues. The objective of the text is to describe the processes of the urban transformation of the peripheral areas of Cartagena to consolidate the fort-city, adapted as a historic center and tourist district. To this end, the historical method is used of contrasting printed documental evidence with articles and studies on urban policies that allow the recognition of four periods of geodemographic changes. In conclusion, the current historic center has experienced the processes of the expansion of the dominant classes into the lands occupied by the popular sectors, combined with the construction of roads, the protection of walls and bulwarks, the urbanization of the nearby islands and beaches for touristic ends, as well as the sociocultural expulsion of the poorer classes from the popular sectors towards faraway places, invisible and distant from the tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical events such as the battle of Cachirí (1816) demostrate that there is no narrative or explicative unity between different generations that have studied the national history, nor among the social classes that promote discourses based on their different imaginaries. This article describes the variation in explanations between oficial history, popular memory and monument heritage of the regional elite, regarding the battle that deined the triumph of the expeditionary army of the Reconquista. For this purpose, we analyze historical discourses that characterize the oficial version of the events taken place, and contrast them with the regional and national historical representations. At the same time as we highlight the silences and anachronisms of these histories and representations from the point of view of popular memory. All of this leads to identifying the different national distortions that coexist regarding one event (the battle of Cachirí) and one historical character (Custodio García Rovira) in the New Granada of 1816. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]