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This study investigated risk factors for bleeding in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) undergoing endoscopic necrosectomy (EN) and the effect of endoscopic haemostasis. 145 patients with ANP who underwent EN were recruited from January 2014 to December 2018. Patients with and without bleeding were allocated to the bleeding and nonbleeding groups, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess independent risk factors for bleeding. 39 patients (26.9%) experienced bleeding. The body mass index and culture-confirmed infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), renal failure and continuous renal replacement therapy rates were significantly higher in the bleeding group (all P < 0.01). In addition, the number of debridement procedures was significantly higher in the bleeding group (P = 0.004), accompanied by a higher mortality rate and greater hospitalization costs (all P < 0.05). Most cases of bleeding during EN were successfully stopped by endoscopic haemostasis (94.1%), but this was difficult to achieve after EN. Multivariate analysis revealed that renal failure (odds ratio [OR]: 3.77, P = 0.02), culture-confirmed IPN (OR: 3.19, P = 0.02), and ≥3 debridement procedures (OR: 12.92, P = 0.001) were associated with an increased bleeding risk. Renal failure, culture-confirmed IPN, and multiple debridement procedures were independent risk factors for bleeding in patients with ANP who underwent EN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Median time for hemostasis in 30 cases was 33 second (range 18-150 second),In 25 cases, SLiC-WOC method was applied after incomplete hemostasis by using saline-linked electrocautery alone. B Conclusion: b For the bleeding which is difficult to control by electrocautery alone, saline-linked electrocautery combined with wet oxidized cellulose method is effective and time-efficient. [Extracted from the article]