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Statistical tools are crucial for a variety of hydrological applications, whether to model processes and enhance understanding and knowledge or to design infrastructure systems. Given the rapid evolution of statistical methods and the need for a solid theoretical foundation for their correct application, a multidisciplinary community STAtistics in HYdrology Working Group (STAHY-WG) aggregated under the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) umbrella to contribute to this research field. Now, more than 15 years since its inception, this paper summarizes the main achievements of this productive community collaboration in four (of many) branches of statistical hydrology: extreme value analysis, multivariate analysis, time series analysis, and regionalization. The aim is to provide an overview of recent developments, offer practical suggestions (e.g. software packages), and outline future challenges to support scientists and practitioners in their endeavours within the realm of statistical hydrology studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baseflow is a critical hydrological variable linked to a variety of environmental factors. The construction of a dam may modify baseflow generation and adjust its environmental dependence via the regulation of discharge. However, its effects on the relationships among air temperature, water temperature, and baseflow remain unclear. Here, we use copula functions to explore the relationships among these variables in the Yangtze River and show how they have changed in response to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). Because of the buffering effects of the baseflow, baseflow is negatively correlated to water temperature, and the relationship between baseflow and water temperature lessens as air temperature rises. Construction of the TGD attenuates the relationship between baseflow and water temperature when air temperature is low, and this attenuation is especially prominent in winter and spring. Our findings will enhance environmental protection in the Yangtze River and improve the ecological operations of the TGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]