Search

The formation of ice jams is sudden, and they will cause abnormal water level fluctuations in water diversion projects, affecting the water supply and even causing severe flood disasters. Based on the characteristics of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, this paper uses the numerical simulation method to establish an emergency intervention effect simulation model for ice jam events. The hydraulic response characteristics of the project under gate group scheduling and taking different emergency measures are analyzed with the water level deviation and stabilization time consumption of the pool as indicators. Moreover, this paper proposes an emergency intervention mode for ice jam events. The results show that using the gate group scheduling after ice jam events will cause a sharp rise in the upstream water level of the pool where the ice jams are located. Also, compared with other emergency measures, the electric heating ice melting measure has less influence on water level, and the de-icing effect is better. Finally, the emergency intervention mode can signifi- cantly reduce the maximum water level deviation and shorten the time required to stabilize the water level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to freshwater resources has become more limited. Correspondingly, water monitoring methods in sensitive or critical areas interims of terrestrial water storage are becoming increasingly important. The monitoring of the water storage in this area, using appropriate methods and datasets, is highly effective in preventing possible future water crises. This paper aims to estimate terrestrial water storage of the Abbay River Basin with available data and tools where hydro climatological studies are scarce due to limited observation. The data obtained from Global Land Assimilation System (GLDAS), gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE), and TerraClimate were used for the analysis of terrestrial water storage in the river basin. The result shows that there was a varying trend of terrestrial water storage for the study time. We have observed water shortages during the dry season and surplus water during the wet season. The monitoring of changes in terrestrial water storage is crucial for optimal water resource utilization and our results confirm the major role of such monitoring in decisionmaking processes and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clear understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water resources is essential for the optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of water resources. In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water resources in Henan Province were studied based on GIS, combining the Mann-Kendall (M-K) nonparametric test and rescaled range (R/S) analysis. In addition, SPSS software was used to analyze the influence of climate and land use type on water resources. The results indicated that (1) the hot spots of water resources were concentrated in the southwest, while the low values were concentrated in the northeast, and the distribution of water resources decreased from southwest to northeast. (2) In the past 21 years, spatiotemporal mutations in the water resource sequence occurred between 2010 and 2014. The Z-values of the M-K trend test were all less than 0, the H-values of groundwater resources (GWRs) were mostly greater than 0.5, and the h-values of surface water resources (SWRs) and total water resources (TWRs) were less than 0.5, showing an overall declining trend. However, this trend may change in the future. (3) From the correlation analysis, climate change had a greater impact on water resources than land use changes did. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying water-related ecosystem services (WES) helps to secure limited and valuable water resources sustainably. Mainstreaming these ecosystem services into policy and decision-making requires accurate information at the local level. This paper aims to quantify provisioning and regulating freshwater ecosystem services potential in the Kangchenjunga Landscape using a hydro-ecological model. This study is the first to use the J2000 hydrological model to estimate annual and seasonal WES. The model output was validated against snow-cover and river discharge, after conducting a sensitivity analysis of the input parameter. High precipitation and low evapotranspiration resulted in rich water availability in the landscape. It was found that the precipitation amount in the landscape is highly seasonal, resulting in high variation in water availability. Snowfall, accounting for 4% of the total precipitation still plays an important role in regulating water resources. Nearly 100% of the discharge during the dry period originates from groundwater and melt runoff. This study highlights the importance of the presence of snow and glacier to sustain the ecosystem in the landscape. This model-derived information could further be used for decision-making and evaluating the impact of climatic and land use changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reasonable allocation of water resources runs through the main links of regional water resource planning and management, which is a complex decision-making issue, ensures the sustainable development and utilization of water resources, and makes a greater contribution to the sustainable development of social economy. In this paper, evolutionary game theory is applied to the allocation of watershed water resources in a river basin. Also, the analysis of the replication dynamics and evolutionary stability strategies of water resource allocation among water resource manufacturers was done. It was found that the evolutionary game among the water resource manufacturers has only an evolutionary stability strategy. Considering the evolutionary game between water resource managers and water resource manufacturers, the evolutionary stability strategy is analyzed. This study suggests that there are two evolutionary stability strategies (N: normal water intake, H: high level of regulation) and (E: excess water intake, L: low level of regulation) between the water resource manufacturers and the administrative water resource regulators, where the strategy (N: normal water intake, H: high level of regulation) is the expected direction. The evolution factors of the strategy (N: normal water intake, H: high level of regulation) were analyzed. Furthermore, it also suggested that an effective reward and punishment mechanism will help to draw up excessive water, dismantle the conflicts between the water resource manufacturers and the administrative water resource regulators, and increase the benefits of both sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under changing environment, the feasibility and potential impact of an inter-basin water transfer project can be evaluated by employing the coincidence probability of runoff in water sources area (WSA), water receiving area (WRA), and the downstream impacted area (DIA). Using the Han River to Wei River Water Transfer Project (HWWTP) in China as an example, this paper computed the coincidence probability and conditional probability of runoff in WSA, WRA and DIA with the copulabased multivariate joint distribution and quantified their acceptable and unfavorable encounter probabilities for evaluating the water supply risk of the water transfer project and exploring its potential impact on DIA. Results demonstrated that the most adverse encounter probability (dry-dry- dry) was 26.09%, illustrating that this adverse situation could appear about every 4 years. The acceptable and unfavorable probabilities in all encounters were 44.83 and 55.17%, respectively, that is the unfavorable situation would be dominant, implying flood and drought risk management should be paid greater attention in project operation. The conditional coincidence probability (dry WRA & dry DIA if dry WSA) was close to 70%, indicating a requirement for an emergency plan and management to deal with potential drought risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2013-2015 drought in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo exposed the lack of resilience of the regional water supply system, highly dependent on the Cantareira reservoirs. In this paper, inflows to each of the four main Cantareira reservoirs are tested for systematic change. Persistent trends in streamflow, rainfall, temperature and evapotranspiration are first evaluated. Streamflow was also tested for step change. Double-mass curves were employed to assess modification in the precipitation-runoff relationship. Subsequently, we used the climate elasticity method and the ABCD model to quantify the relative contribution of climate and human activities into the detected trends. Only Cachoeira and Atibainha sub-basins showed a significant downward trend in streamflow. The results for step change were also significant, and the year of occurrence coincided with breakpoints in precipitation-runoff relationship. For both Cachoeira and Atibainha, human activities had a more significant impact on streamflow reduction than climate variability. Land use and cover maps suggest that the reduction of pasture/abandoned land parallel to an increase in reforestation/silviculture is behind streamflow reduction. The results highlight the importance of coordinating land-use patterns and water management, as an important contributor beyond any considerations of a changing climate. Implications for better managing regional water resources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]