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In this essay, the fundamental bases of the Urbanization Theories were analyzed through the perspective of the Environmental Biotechnology, aiming to contribute to the development of urban projects that help the maintenance of life. It sought to understand how, over the years, urban dynamics had an impact in the quality of life and well-being of the population and environment. Comparatively, it was investigated how power and domination structures influenced processes of socio-environmental risk and vulnerability, thereby influenced situations of environmental injustice that are replicated since the industrial cities of the 19th century to the urban structures of today. In addition, an attempt was made to establish a parallel between the capital circulation in the cities and the production of these urban spaces as a way to serve a select group of inhabitants from the centers and from the peripheries. The analysis allowed the identification of different factors in the foundations of Urbanization Theories which are articulated with the well-being and the quality of life of the population and environment. Throughout the discussion, relevant aspects of the capital, urban structure, gentrification process, centers and centralities were detailed, showing illustrative examples on the occurrence of urban events and their respective impacts on the production of urban space and on the human and environmental life. Therefore, it was inferred that the complementarity among sciences is essential to understand the complexity of urbanization and to attend the urban planning challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]