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In this essay, the fundamental bases of the Urbanization Theories were analyzed through the perspective of the Environmental Biotechnology, aiming to contribute to the development of urban projects that help the maintenance of life. It sought to understand how, over the years, urban dynamics had an impact in the quality of life and well-being of the population and environment. Comparatively, it was investigated how power and domination structures influenced processes of socio-environmental risk and vulnerability, thereby influenced situations of environmental injustice that are replicated since the industrial cities of the 19th century to the urban structures of today. In addition, an attempt was made to establish a parallel between the capital circulation in the cities and the production of these urban spaces as a way to serve a select group of inhabitants from the centers and from the peripheries. The analysis allowed the identification of different factors in the foundations of Urbanization Theories which are articulated with the well-being and the quality of life of the population and environment. Throughout the discussion, relevant aspects of the capital, urban structure, gentrification process, centers and centralities were detailed, showing illustrative examples on the occurrence of urban events and their respective impacts on the production of urban space and on the human and environmental life. Therefore, it was inferred that the complementarity among sciences is essential to understand the complexity of urbanization and to attend the urban planning challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an analysis of the time-space patterns of COVID19 in Santa Catarina, Brazil in two moments between March and April 2020. The applied methodology took into consideration the spatial configuration and typification of its municipalities from two studies by IBGE superimposing the confirmed cases of the municipalities in Santa Catarina. The number of cases and deaths was not evaluated. The results point to three distinct spatial dynamics (degree of urbanization and population concentration), with two diffusing flows from COVID19. With growing number of municipalities with confirmed cases and with different characteristics among them, the future scenario will involve planning and adequacy of the emergency response infrastructure differentiated in fighting COVID19 in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents some results of several researches that we have developed on the Historical Geography of Juiz de Fora, especially on its formation and territorial organization. The temporal cut adopted refers to the 1850s, when the municipality conquered its politicaladministrative autonomy and began its effective urbanization process. In the midst of the great resources made available by the growing coffee culture, the new locality develops, but living with several problems related to health and hygiene, common to the Brazilian cities of this period. Here we highlight the actions developed by the City Council with a view to improving the general conditions of public health, specifically evaluating the content of the first Codes of Postures of the municipality (that of 1853, when Village and 1858, when City), which were constituted in the main legal instruments used to discipline the issue. These first municipal positions were characterized by the search for improvement of the health conditions of the population, by direct intervention in their habits and customs, and by their extremely punitive character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alteration in environment provoked by urbanization can both the establishment and proliferation of synanthropic animals, which can bring about a series of social, economic and public health problems. The current study aimed to survey the notifications received by the Environmental Surveillance Sector in the municipality of Divinópolis - MG in the years of 2011 to 2013 as far as rats, bats, pigeons and snakes are concerned. In the three years evaluated, 1,261 notifications were recorded, sendo1,107 (87.7%) concerning rats, 69 (5.5%) bats, 64 (5,1%) pigeons and 21 (1.7%) snakes. In general, an increased number of records was found for the central areas of the municipality, with the exception of bats and snakes. The results stood out the relevance of the problem, particularly as far as the risks to the health of the population are concerned, mainly due to the diseases which can be transmitted by rats, pigeons and bats [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It addresses the socio-environmental characteristics of the area of river watershed Anajá, focusing on the imminence of urbanization, which favors the development of vectors and epidemics of visceral leishmaniasis. The study area is located in the municipality of Paço do Lumiar in the northeastern portion of the island of Maranhão. Rural area is peripheral to a heavily urbanized area with hot and humid tropical climate, average high temperature, the rainy season from January to June and dry from July to December and high relative humidity. The implementation of the research included steps such as: survey and analysis of the endemic situation, the environmental characteristics of the study area and urban expansion, with qualitative and quantitative approach. The thermal levels measured in the field proved to be favorable for the development of vectors for transmission of the disease under study, but the low level of territorial occupation allowed the conservation of natural breeding sites of the vector, with no domestic transmission of the disease. This situation, impacted by demographic pressures arising from urban sprawl, is at risk of developing diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed analyze, the months, years with the highest incidences of noise pollution, perceived by the fines applied in the period from 2005 to 2010 in the city of Cuiabá-MT. The methodological procedures were developed in 4 (four) distinct steps, as follow: 1st step corresponds to the review of the literature and informations relate to the occurrences; the 2nd step refers to the search of data from the Municipal Environment and Urban Development -- Integrated Program of Pollution Control and Combat of the Noise Pollution -- City Hall of Cuiabá-MT; the 3rd step is concerned of the tabulation and generation of a database in a spreadsheet and the 4th and last step designated for the interpretation of the data and drafting the article. Throughout the analyzed period, it was noted that the year of 2010 stood out with 2,305 cases of noise pollution, then highlighting the year of 2008, which had 2,029 occurrences. Because of the high number of occurrences in the period, it is very important that people be informed about the irreversible hearing alterations that excessive exposure noise can cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In areas of intense urbanization, the monitoring of thermal sensation is necessary to propose further measures for solving the health problems linked to possible climate variability.Our objectives were: to analyze climate change in the urban center of Belo Horizonte, located southwest of the geographic center of Minas Gerais, in the inter- tropical climate zone, climate variations relate to thermal comfort and health (symptoms) in the urban population. The analysis was made considering the thermal comfort in the time series from 1911 to 2009, calculated using the Thermal Comfort Index. Were structured tables and charts in Microsoft Office Excel application to assess the evolution of thermal comfort in the city. The results showed that in the temperature series established in Belo Horizonte increased as the thermal comfort index, when comparing the first and last ten years of the series, dropped to a range of more negative response to the comfort. Finally, we created a methodology and a software (Confortplus) assessment of thermal sensation toward the intertropical zone, which combines tracks temperature and humidity associated with health effects and symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]