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Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In the last ten years, more than 1,500 large burrows have been discovered in southern and southeastern Brazil, dug in rocks that include weathered granitic and basaltic rocks, sandstones, and other consolidated sediments. Their presence in geological units of Plio-Pleistocene age suggests that large extinct mammals produced these structures. The internal walls exhibit scratches and grooves left by the animals that inhabited these structures. The burrows are straight or slightly sinuous tunnels that measure up to tens of meters in length. One smaller type measures up to 1.5 meter in diameter, and the larger type can reach 2 meters in height and 4 meters in width, suggesting that such structures have been produced by at least two kinds of organisms. This contribution proposes a classification for these ichnofossils under the generic designation Megaichnus igen. nov., consisting of two ichnospecies identified so far: M. major and M. minor ispp. nov. Although the exact identity of the producers of the burrows is yet unknown, the dimensions and morphology point to ground sloths and giant armadillos. Univ Fed Pampa, Campus Cacapava Do Sul, Cacapava Do Sul, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Geociencias, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Estratig & Paleontol, Campus Litoral Paulista, Sao Vicente, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Estratig & Paleontol, Campus Litoral Paulista, Sao Vicente, Brazil CNPq: 401772/2010-1