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Federal University of Para. Belem, PA, Brazil. University Center of Para. Belem, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. M. paraffinicum, a slow-growing scotochromogenic mycobacterium that uses paraffinic hydrocarbons other than methane, i.e. inorganic carbon sources, was originally isolated from soil samples, but only in 2010 definitely achieved the species status. We have described here the first report of pulmonary disease due to M. paraffinicum in Amazon Region.

Highlights • M. chubuense infection was rare in hand. • This is only the second reported case of a pathogenic M. chubuense infection worldwide but for upper limb especially in the hand, this is the very first case ever presented. • Infection in the right hand of a 53-year-old man who live in the coastal areas of Zhejiang province, China. Culture of lesion were positive for the Mycobacterium chubuense, which was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. • azithromycin combined with levofloxacin can be used as a reference regimen for the treatment of M. chubuense infection., Mycobacterium chubuense is a scotochromogenic rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM), a nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)that was first characterized in 1981. This case report describes a rare case of M. chubuense infection in the right hand of a 53-year-old man who lived in the coastal areas of Zhejiang province, China. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second reported case of a M. chubuense infection worldwide, the first in a hand. Culture of lesion were positive for Mycobacterium chubuense, which was confirmed by PCR and sequencing. This case report complementsthe literature regarding M. chubuense infection.