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The social, economic, and political transformations in the 1980s in China have led to the intensification of environmental degradation. In this context, the consolidation of civil society and social organizations allowed the emergence of environmental NGOs, responsible for mobilizing the population in favor of environmental issues. The poor performance of NGOs in the 1990s was followed by major changes in the movement since the 2000s, with an increase in the number of protests, with new characteristics, putting greater pressure on government decisions. The new revision of the environmental law, in 2015, indicates the incorporation of new social actors in the government policies, propitiating a more effective environmental governance. The article use literature review to understand the problematic about the struggle for the environment in Contemporary China, recognizing the main elements of the various phases that have developed since the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]