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The current age is witnessing an unprecedented dependence on data originating from humans through the devices that comprise the Internet of Things. The data collected by these devices are used for many purposes, including predictive maintenance, smart analytics, preventive healthcare, disaster protection, and increased operational efficiency and performance. However, most applications and systems that rely on user data to achieve their business objectives fail to comply with privacy regulations and expose users to numerous privacy threats. Such privacy breaches raise concerns about the legitimacy of the data being processed. Hence, this paper reviews some notable techniques for transparently, securely, and privately separating and sharing personally identifiable and non-personally identifiable information in various domains. One of the key findings of this study is that, despite various advantages, none of the existing techniques or data sharing applications preserve data/user privacy throughout the data life cycle. Another significant issue is the lack of transparency for data subjects during the collection, storage, and processing of private data. In addition, as privacy is unique to every user, there cannot be a single autonomous solution to identify and secure personally identifiable information for users of a particular application, system, or people living in different states/countries. Therefore, this research suggests a way forward to prevent the leakage of personally identifiable information at various stages of the data life cycle in compliance with some of the common privacy regulations around the world. The proposed approach aims to empower data owners to select, share, monitor, and control access to their data. In addition, the data owner is a stakeholder and a party to all data sharing contracts related to his personal data. The proposed solution has broad security and privacy controls that can be tailored to the privacy needs of specific applications.

This paper proposes joint mobile node participation and routing protocol for multi-hop device-to-device (MD2D) networking in intelligent transportation systems, called fuzzy-based participation and routing protocol for MD2D (FPRM). Our proposed protocol is designed to operate over future open-radio access networks (O-RANs). We introduce a sub-layer at the network layer that can determine nodes with the highest participation probability in routing using a fuzzy logic system, thus building a framework to create more stable routes. To ensure the participating nodes are capable of handling the data traffic, two constraints are proposed, mobility and coverage constraints. The former enables the creation of sustainable communication links, and the latter enforces the communication service to the entire MD2D network. Simulation results show that our approach can increase the network lifetime, decrease the end-to-end (E2E) delay, and increase the packet delivery ratio (PDR) compared to the existing proactive routing protocol. Our protocol outperforms the benchmarked MD2D protocols and other investigated ad hoc protocols.

Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) and wireless power transmission (WPT) are two emerging alternative energy technologies that have the potential to offer wireless energy delivery in the future. One of the key components of RFEH or WPT system is the receiving antenna. The receiving antenna’s performance has a considerable impact on the power delivery capability of an RFEH or WPT system. This paper provides a well-rounded review of recent advancements of receiving antennas for RFEH and WPT. Antennas discussed in this paper are categorized as low-profile antennas, multi-band antennas, circularly polarized antennas, and array antennas. A number of contemporary antennas from each category are presented, compared, and discussed with particular emphasis on design approach and performance. Current design and fabrication challenges, future development, open research issues of the antennas and visions for RFEH and WPT are also discussed in this review.

Applications and technologies of the Internet of Things are in high demand with the increase of network devices. With the development of technologies such as 5G, machine learning, edge computing, and Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things has evolved. This survey article discusses the evolution of the Internet of Things and presents the vision for Internet of Things 2.0. The Internet of Things 2.0 development is discussed across seven major fields. These fields are machine learning intelligence, mission critical communication, scalability, energy harvesting-based energy sustainability, interoperability, user friendly IoT, and security. Other than these major fields, the architectural development of the Internet of Things and major types of applications are also reviewed. Finally, this article ends with the vision and current limitations of the Internet of Things in future network environments.

Multi-terminal HVDC (MT-HVDC) grids have no capability of power flow control in a self-sufficient manner. To address this important issue, utilization of dc-dc high power and high-voltage converters is motivated. However, proposing suitable partial-rated dc-dc converters as well as their suitable modeling and control in both primary and secondary control layers as well as the stability analysis are the existing challenges that should be alleviated beforehand. This paper addresses the control of power flow problem through the application of a power converter with a different connection configuration, namely, serial parallel dc power flow controller (SPDC-PFC). The SPDC-PFC input is the transmission line voltage, and its output is transmission line current. Therefore, employing a full-power dc-dc converter is avoided as a merit. Additionally, in this paper, the common two-layer MT-HVDC grid control framework comprised of primary and secondary layers is efficiently modified in order to integrate the SPDC-PFC. A differential direct voltage versus active power droop control scheme is applied to the SPDC-PFC at the local control layer, guaranteeing dynamic stability, while an extended dc power-flow routine-integrating the SPDCPFC-is developed at the secondary control layer to ensure the static stability of the entire MT-HVDC grid. The proposed control framework enables the SPDC-PFC to regulate the flow of current/power in the envisioned HVDC transmission line. From the static and dynamic simulation results conducted on the test CIGRE B4 MT-HVDC grid, successful operation of the proposed SPDC-PFC and control solutions are demonstrated by considering power flow control action. In more detail, the SPDC-PFC successfully regulates the compensated lines' power to the desired reference both in static and dynamic simulations by introducing suitable compensation voltages. In addition, good dynamic performance under both SPDC-PFC power reference and wind power-infeed change is observed.