Search

In this article, we demonstrate bringing the Internet to underwater environments by deploying a low power and compact underwater optical wireless system, called Aqua-Fi, to support today's Internet applications. Aqua-Fi uses an LED or laser to support bidirectional wide-range communication services with different requirements, low cost, and simple implementation. LEDs introduce robust short distance solutions with low power requirements. However, laser extends the communication distance and improves the transmission rate at the cost of higher power requirements. Throughout this work, we discuss the proposed Aqua-Fi system architecture, limitations, and solutions to improve data rates and deliver reliable communication links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we envision a hybrid opto-acoustic network design for IoUT. The software defined underwater network (SDUN) is presented as an enabler of hybridizing benefits of optic and acoustic systems and adapting IoUT nodes to the challenging and dynamically changing underwater environment. We explain inextricably interwoven relations among functionalities of different SDUN layers and analyze their impacts on key network attributes. The NFV concept is then introduced to realize application-specific cross-layer protocol suites through an NFV management and orchestration system. We finally discuss how SDUN and NFV can slice available network resources as per the diverging service demands of different underwater applications. Such a revolutionary architectural paradigm shift is not only a cure for chronic underwater networking problems but also a way of smoothly integrating IoUT and IoT ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffer sizing is an important network configuration parameter that impacts the quality of service characteristics of data traffic. With falling memory costs and the fallacy that "more is better," network devices are being overprovisioned with large buffers. This may increase queueing delays experienced by a packet and subsequently impact stability of core protocols such as TCP. The problem has been studied extensively for wired networks. However, there is little work addressing the unique challenges of wireless environments such as time-varying channel capacity, variable packet inter-service time, and packet aggregation, among others. In this article we discuss these challenges, classify the current state-of-the-art solutions, discuss their limitations, and provide directions for future research in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Exhaled breath can be used in retrieving information and creating innovative communication systems. It contains several volatile organic compounds and biological entities that can act as health biomarkers. For instance, the breath of an infected human contains a nonnegligible amount of pathogenic aerosol that can spread or remain suspended in the atmosphere. Therefore, the exhaled breath can be exploited as a source's message in a communication setup to remotely scan the bio-information via an aerosol transmission channel. An overview of the basic configuration is presented along with a description of system components with a particular emphasis on channel modeling. Furthermore, the challenges that arise in theoretical analysis and system development are highlighted. Finally, several open issues are discussed to concretize the proposed communication concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]