1. A 0.66erms− Temporal-Readout-Noise 3-D-Stacked CMOS Image Sensor With Conditional Correlated Multiple Sampling Technique
- Author
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Calvin Yi-Ping Chao, Fu-Lung Hsueh, Kuo-Yu Chou, Shang-Fu Yeh, and Honyih Tu
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Physics ,Differential nonlinearity ,Pixel ,business.industry ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Frame rate ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,Dot pitch ,Optics ,Sampling (signal processing) ,CMOS ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Figure of merit ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a sub-electron temporal readout noise, 8.3 Mpixel and 1.1- $\mu \text{m}$ pixel pitch 3-D-stacked CMOS image sensor (CIS). A conditional correlated multiple sampling (CMS) technique is introduced to selectively reduce the dark pixel noise by using a full-range ramp and a small-range ramp. In this way, a sub-electron temporal readout noise CIS is achieved without degrading the frame rate dramatically, compared to the conventional CMS method. A column-parallel single slope ADC with dark pixel detection function is proposed as well. A dynamic-dark-signal-region detection technique is used to mitigate differential nonlinearity (DNL) errors due to ramp slope mismatch. The implemented prototype in 45-nm CIS/65-nm CMOS occupies an area of 35.89 mm2. This paper achieves a 0.66erms− with 5-time sampling at a frame rate of 7.2 frames/s, which corresponds to a sample-rate frequency of 36.1 kHz for the column ADC. The DNL (11 b) is improved from +0.98 LSB/−0.94 LSB to +0.29 LSB/−0.39 LSB by using dynamic dark-signal region technique. The figure of merit of this paper is 2.02 nVrms/Hz.
- Published
- 2018
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