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This article proposes sliding-mode-control-based guidance strategies for a team comprised of aircraft and a defending interceptor against an attacker. The proposed guidance strategies are based on the line-of-sight guidance concept. Problems such as performance degradation under large heading angle errors, arising from linearization of engagement dynamics, are circumvented due to the nonlinear framework considered here. We show that knowledge of the bound on attacker acceleration suffices to ensure interception of an attacking interceptor. Cooperative strategies are derived for the aircraft–defender team, corresponding to cost functions based on the $\ell _p$ norm, using static optimization at each time instant. Simulations validate the efficacy of the proposed strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, sliding mode control-based impact time guidance laws are proposed. Even for large heading angle errors and negative initial closing speeds, the desired impact time is achieved by enforcing a sliding mode on a switching surface designed by using the concepts of collision course and estimated time-to-go. Unlike existing guidance laws, the proposed guidance strategy achieves impact time successfully even when the estimated interception time is greater than the desired impact time. Simulation results are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]