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Magnetoresistivity, alternating current susceptibility and magnetization measurements were employed for the comparative analysis of Bi-2212 single crystal, Bi-2212 tape and Bi-2223 tape. An enhanced flux pinning in the spiral grown crystals compared with those grown a layer-by-layer mechanism was observed through magnetization measurements. Results indicate that spiral growth- or mechanical deformation-induced defects function as pinning centers in Bi-based materials.

Transmission electron microscopy is used to analyze the effect of silver (Ag) on the superconducting properties and phase formation of Ag-clad Bi2223 superconducting tapes. The influence os Ag is studied with respect to the interface microstructure, bend strain tolerance, magnetoresistance, pinning energy and phase growth. Results indicate that the presence of Ag lowers the tapes' annealing temperature while accelerating the formation of the Bi-2223 phase. However, it also causes gain misorientations and reduces the tapes' superconductivity.