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A critical challenge for video-on-demand (VoD) services is to provide an entertainment service with minimum playback delay. A passive optical network (PON) that employs a high-speed optical fiber from an optical line terminal (OLT) to a number of optical network units (ONUs) can offer high bandwidth for multimedia applications (such as VoD services) in an access network. In this paper, we propose two novel video streaming techniques, called OLT broadcasting with ONU fast patching (BFP) and prediction-based OLT broadcasting and ONU fast patching (PBFP). The BFP scheme utilizes the ONU fast patching scheme at each ONU, and proposes a heuristic algorithm to find near optimum solutions of related optimization problem so that the worst-case playback delay (WPD) is minimized. The PBFP adds a prediction level for video popularity to the BFP scheme and uses a seamless channel transition technique to seamlessly change the number of channels allocated to videos. We study the efficiency of the proposed schemes when they are used in a shared wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (Shared-WDM-PON) that adapts the broadcast nature of a GPON's downstream wavelength to WDM-PONs. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes can improve both WPD and average playback delay performance parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Recently, 3DTV has drawn much attention as a new broadcasting service. In spite of technical advances in 3DTV broadcasting services, there are two barriers that hinder the new services from being launched for terrestrial broadcasting: the lack of available bandwidth for transmission of additional-view video via terrestrial channel and backward compatibility with the legacy 2-D HDTV services. As an alternative, a hybrid stereoscopic video coding scheme is proposed for a stereoscopic 3DTV service, where one-view video is transmitted through the legacy broadcasting systems and the other one is delivered via broadband networks to which TV terminals are connected. In this paper, the proposed hybrid stereoscopic video coding scheme incorporates an MPEG-2 codec for backward compatibility with a legacy 2-D HDTV service and an HEVC codec with inter-view prediction coding as an extension to encode additional-view video sequences with high coding efficiency. The proposed inter-view prediction coding scheme in the extended HEVC incorporates an advanced motion and disparity vector prediction (AMDVP) method for enhanced motion- and disparity-compensated coding. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid stereoscopic video coding scheme achieves an average coding efficiency of 38.22% (32.86%) in BD-rate or 1.394 dB (1.235 dB) in BD-PSNR for the out-band (in-band) scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]