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In this article, a discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method hybridized with Robin transmission condition (RTC-DGTD) is proposed for the transient thermal analysis of 3-D integrated circuits (ICs). As a kind of domain decomposition method (DDM), the DGTD method employs a term named numerical flux for the information exchange of solutions between neighboring subdomains. The numerical flux is a function of both temperature $T$ and heat flux q, and thus for the heat equation, apart from $T$ , the variable q has to be solved as well. To reach this, the traditional DGTD method decomposes the second-order partial-differential thermal equation into two first-order ones, which results that both $T$ and q need to be solved in the whole computational domain, thereby the computational cost is extremely expensive. In this work, to get this trouble-treated, the proposed DGTD method is directly applied to discretize the second-order heat equation. An RTC is established at the interfaces of subdomains, which serves as the second governing equation and meanwhile bridges another connection of solutions in adjacent subdomains. In this way, the new variable q is now only present at the interfaces of subdomains. Consequently, the total number of unknowns is significantly reduced compared with that in the traditional DGTD method. To further speed up the time-marching scheme, an adaptive time-stepping method in terms of the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control algorithm is employed. Besides, by introducing a restriction operator, the globally coupled matrix equation is torn into a number of small matrix equations pertinent to each subdomain, which is later solved via a finite-element tearing and interconnecting (FETI)-like method. To validate and verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm, several representative examples are studied and compared with COMSOL simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel Robin transmission condition (RTC)-enhanced discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is proposed for the dc IR-drop analysis of power distribution networks with Joule heating effects included. Unlike the conventional DG method, the proposed DG method straightforwardly applied to discretize the second-order spatial partial differential governing equations for the electrostatic potential $\Phi $ and the steady-state temperature $T$. The numerical flux in DG used to facilitate the information exchange among neighboring subdomains introduces two additional variables: the current density $J$ for the electrical potential equation and the thermal flux $q$ for the thermal equation. To solve them, at the interface of neighboring subdomains, an RTC is presented as the second equation to establish another connection for solutions in neighboring subdomains. With this strategy, the number of degrees of freedom (DoFs) involved in the proposed RTC-DG method is dramatically reduced compared with the traditional DG method. The finalized matrix system is solved in an finite-element tearing and interconnecting (FETI)-like procedure, namely the unknowns are obtained in a subdomain-by-subdomain scheme. Finally, the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed RTC-DG method are validated by several representative examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a millimeter-wave bidirectional active integrated coplanar waveguide slot antenna with ball grid array (BGA) interconnection is proposed. Symmetric multistage step impedance resonator matching network and tapered shaped structures are utilized to ultrawideband compensate the reactance behavior of the vertical BGA transition, which can be employed to reduce the interconnection length among different modules. By gradually changing the width of the semielliptic slot, an ultrawideband radiation behavior is achieved with a small impedance variation from one resonate mode to another. The proposed 1 $\times $ 4 passive antenna array can operate from 25 to 40 GHz with a gain of 13.1 dB. Compared with the conventional active integrated antenna structures, good advantages of wide bandwidth and high gain are obtained with the proposed technique. The prototype of the presented active antenna array is fabricated and measured with a wide impedance bandwidth of 29.1–40 GHz and can be more suitable for high-solution radar sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a novel automatically designed electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is presented to prohibit the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) propagation of a system in package. The tool employed for the automatic EBG design is the improved genetic algorithm (GA), which has the advantages of rapid convergence and high precision by combining several improvements reasonably. Meanwhile, the equivalent circuit model and the dispersion diagram of the proposed structure are established to interpret the electromagnetic characteristics of the designed power distribution network (PDN). By removing some patches in a specific area determined by the GA, the surface impedance of PDN can be increased to reduce the SSN coupling. The SSN transmission can be suppressed from 0.37 to 20 GHz at a mitigation level of −50 dB. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel quintuple-mode filter in one cavity is proposed by modifying a quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. Modes can be independently controlled by dimension parameters of the resonator. The quintuple-mode resonator is packaged to prevent electromagnetic leakage, and pillars are added to remove spurious cavity resonances introduced by the packaging. A W-band filter is designed and fabricated by using benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer as dielectrics. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication process is demonstrated in detail. This filter offers the advantages of easy integration with other active devices. It is suitable for 3-D integration of millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz transceiver systems. Four transmission zeros (TZs) are obtained to improve the stopband, and insertion loss is 1.97 dB at 89 GHz with a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 22.5%. Simulated results agree with measured results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel layer stack-up with free cavity resonance is proposed for high-performance power noise suppression. In this layer stack-up, power planes for power delivery are sandwiched by ground planes and are moved close to the component sides, so that they are separated from signal layers. Signal layers are isolated by ground planes, which provide ideal ground reference. Arrays of ground shorting vias are introduced to ac short ground reference plane pairs to remove their cavity resonances. This structure has free cavity resonance under the corner frequency of the periodic via array, and it has an excellent wideband noise suppression with starting point from dc. This stack-up not only has high-performance noise suppression, but also can significantly improve the signal integrity and reduce the electromagnetic interference of the board. Simulation and measurement are performed to verify the validity of the proposed layer stack-up. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, an efficient signal-integrity analysis and optimization method for complicated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks is proposed, in which data mining is applied to discover the concealed information in black-box S-parameter models. Instead of performing a number of circuit simulations, data mining employs mathematical search algorithm directly into the model, which can save significant analyzed time and improve the efficiency. An optimized mining flow is presented for large scale data set, where the data processing and data mining are performed simultaneously, and thus it is unnecessary to save large extracted data. The proposed data mining method consider both the interconnect structure and the stimulated pattern of a MIMO system, which can perform thoughtful analysis and optimization with high efficiency. Two examples, signal-integrity analysis of two coupled microstrip lines and noise coupling among multiple signal vias through a power-ground plane pair, are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed data mining method in signal-integrity optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an accurate and fast method is presented for the modeling, analysis, and design of the power noise suppression using embedded planar capacitors in high-speed multilayered printed circuit boards (PCBs). Two main contributions of this paper are: 1) an ideal AC short circuit model is proposed to simplify the stopband analysis and a physics-based formula is derived for accurate stopband estimation and 2) a physics-based equivalent circuit modeling method is introduced for the fast estimation of noise suppression level in complicated multilayered structures. The results are verified by simulation and measurement. Our method changes the analysis of complicated multiple plane pairs into single plane pair, which can greatly simplify the design process of embedded planar capacitors in complicated multilayered PCBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a power plane with localized planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is designed for suppressing simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in mixed-signal systems. Nonbianisotropic complementary split ring resonator with a bandgap behavior is used to constitute the EBG cells, which are partially located on the power plane to prohibit the noise propagation within the board. An equivalent circuit model is proposed to predict the lower cutoff frequency of the transmission behavior. From the measured results, an ultrawideband mitigation of SSN from 0.26 to 25 GHz is achieved with a high suppression level of -50~dB. Furthermore, signal integrity problem is investigated, and it is found that partial discontinuities of the proposed design can reduce the influence on signal quality compared with the traditional global EBG structure. In addition, the proposed design can lower the electromagnetic interference radiation from edges of the board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a power delivery network (PDN) design method using new time-domain transient impedance is proposed for high-speed digital systems designs, with verification by examples and simulations. This method is based on a new triangular pulse representation of a step transient current demand. Compared with the frequency-domain target impedance method, the proposed method results in a much smaller decoupling network, as it only consider the basic power delivery function of the PDN and the time-domain transient impedance has flat impedance response. The proposed time-domain method provides a good preliminary design for large complicated PDN using lumped model analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an efficient power noise suppression method using power-and-ground (PG) via pair array in multilayered printed circuit boards (PCBs) is proposed. The power noise suppression performance is doubled by using both power and ground vias compared with the ground via array. The stopband bandwidth of the PG via pair array is derived. The evolvement from mushroom electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure to PG via pair array is demonstrated. The proposed method has overcome many shortcomings of the mushroom EBG structures. It is shown that the PG via pair array has excellent power noise suppression, signal integrity (SI), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance. It is a comprehensive power noise suppression scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]