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We report on investigation of the mechanical properties of paper electronics (printed and made out of paper). One key objective of such paper electronics is to achieve ultraflexibility. Therefore, it is important to understand electrical functionality and reliability of paper electronics under various physical (mechanical) deformations. Here, we show the general mechanical properties of the cellulose paper used and its electrical behavior under applied strain, tackling the main effects that need to be identified when building paper-based systems, from product performance and stability perspective. An overview of the stress–strain behavior of silver ink on paper is discussed, and then, we tackle a more specific analysis of the performance variations of paper sensors made with recyclable household materials when exposed to various mechanical conditions of tensile and compressive bending. This paper is important for developing stable wearable sensors for incorporation into Internet of Everything applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Oxide-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a lateral in-plane electrode are self-assembled on paper substrates, and the electrical modulation effect of the in-plane electrode is investigated. A \SiO2-based solid-electrolyte film with high specific capacitance is used as the gate dielectric, and the operation voltage is reduced to less than 2.0 V. The threshold voltage (Vth) of such paper TFTs is tuned from -0.98 to 0.94 V by different voltage biases on the in-plane electrode. The threshold voltage shift (\Delta Vth) can be described by \Delta Vth = -(CG2/CG1)VG2, where CG2 and CG1 are the in-plane electrode and bottom-gate specific capacitance values. High electrical performance with a current on/off ratio of \6 \times \10^5 \sim \10^6, a subthreshold swing of 0.14 \sim 0.19 V/dec, and a mobility of \8.64 \sim \9.45\ \cm^2/\V\cdot \s is obtained at different in-plane electrode voltage biases. Such low-voltage paper TFTs are promising for low-cost and portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Alternating-current-type inorganic powder electroluminescence (PEL) devices were successfully fabricated on four kinds of paper substrates, i.e., glossy paper, sticker paper, magazine paper, and newspaper. To protect the paper from wet chemical and heating processes during the formation of the PEL device, the paper substrate was coated with a spin-on-glass layer that served as a buffer layer. In spite of the fragility of paper, quite satisfactory results were obtained--the performance of paper-based PEL devices was almost equivalent to that of PEL devices on a plastic substrate. Extension of a substrate to paper, even to flimsy daily newspaper, will widen the opportunity of PEL devices as one of flexible and disposable displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]