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High-frequency (HF) oil-immersed transformers with small size and light weight have been paid wide attention by researchers. Its oil–paper insulation frequently withstands HF over-voltages at frequencies of several kilohertz and above, resulting in the too early failure of oil–paper insulation. In order to investigate the effect of HF on oil–paper insulation, this article investigates the partial discharge (PD) characteristics of oil–paper insulation under HF stress. The experimental results show that a frequency-induced inflection point is existed near 10 kHz and the PD parameters of HF voltages is much higher than that ac voltages. Besides, the theoretical mechanism is expounded to interpret and understand the formation process of frequency-induced inflection points more easily. It can be found that the change in frequency causes the change in the charge decay time constant and the residual charge on the insulating surface, resulting in the formation of the frequency-induced inflection point at HF. These results might contribute to determine the characteristics of PDs between HF voltages and ac voltages. It can provide references for the research and production of HF transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The space charge effect of transformer insulating paper will distort its internal electric field, and its space charge effect will be more prominent under extremely complex working conditions. At present, the micromechanism of charge transport and electric field distortion characteristics of paperboard are not clear under complex working conditions. So in this article, based on the bipolar carrier transport (BCT) model and the dynamic carrier balance model, the effects of high temperature, aging degree, moisture content, and bent degree on charges accumulation in paperboard are studied under dc high voltage by numerical simulation and the measured data needed for simulation. The results show that the higher temperature strengthens the carrier migration, deepens the injection depth of the charge, and aggravates the distortion of electric field intensity in paperboard. The more extended the aging time of paperboard, the greater the internal trap density and the deeper the trap depth, which lead to charges migration difficultly. Increasing water content in the paperboard will accelerate space charges to reach a steady state, while further increasing it will slow down this process, which is related to the shallow trap getting deeper. When the critical part of paperboard is extruded, many traps are introduced, resulting in charges accumulation seriously. The research results can reference the design of paperboard and the maintenance of transformer insulation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Second International Conference on Advances in Plasma Science and Technology (ICAPST-21) was held during May 27–29, in 2021, at the Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India. As Dr. K. Navaneetha Pandiyaraj, the Organizing Chair of the Conference, states in the Preface of the conference’s Book of Abstracts: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the International Conference on Plasma Science held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. in 2017.

The IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS) is held annually, sponsored by the Plasma Science and Applications Committee (PSAC) of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Science Society (NPSS). The 47th IEEE NPSS ICOPS was organized ONLINE from December 06 to 10, 2020, by the National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The ICOPS2020 was co-organized together with the 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Plasma and Terahertz Science (APCOPTS) which is envisioned as the future Asian version of the ICOPS series of conferences. The ICOPS2020 was initially planned as an onsite physical conference from May 24 to 28, 2020, at Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was shifted to online virtual conference. The conference’s technical program included a wide range of plasma science and technology topics, which ranged from basic and fundamental research to traditional and emerging technology applications. Since the ICOPS2020 was co-organized with APCOPTS, it also had a very strong coverage of fields related to terahertz science and applications. A total of 627 presentations from scientists and participants from over 41 countries were made at ICOPS2020 with a record total registration of 754. All presentations were recorded and were available to the registered participants for 90 days after the conference was over. The program also included a women-in-engineering talk by Jackie Y. Ying from A* Star Singapore and a young professionals networking symposium on “Plasma Entrepreneurship” with the theme “Plasma entrepreneurship—Active translation of cutting-edge research to commercially viable product.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this tutorial are as follows: 1) to help students and researchers develop a basic understanding of how pulsed-power systems are used to create high-energy-density (HED) matter; 2) to develop a basic understanding of a new, compact, and efficient pulsed-power technology called linear transformer drivers (LTDs); 3) to understand why LTDs are an attractive technology for driving HED physics (HEDP) experiments; 4) to contrast LTDs with the more traditional Marxgenerator/ pulse-forming-line approach to driving HEDP experiments; and 5) to briefly review the history of LTD technology as well as some of the LTD-driven HEDP research presently underway at universities and research laboratories across the globe. This invited tutorial is part of the Mini-Course on Charged Particle Beams and High-Powered Pulsed Sources, held in conjunction with the 44th International Conference on Plasma Science in May of 2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surrounding air pollution is one of the important warnings to human health. It is necessary to detect hazardous pollutant gases in the air. The gas sensor is the candidate for such detection. Progress of smart and flexible sensors has been receiving growing curiosity in recent years because of their enormous sensing applications. Such smart and flexible sensors can be manufactured by depositing conducting materials, such as conducting polymer, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene oxide, and metallic nanoparticles, onto nonconducting polymeric flexible substrates, such as paper, plastic films, and textiles. Most of the flexible polymeric substrates, such as polyethylene, polyester, nylon, and polypropylene, have low surface energy and poor wettability, which weakens the adhesion between conducting material and flexible substrate. Plasma surface modification is a novel technique to enhance surface properties to produce stable composites. This review focuses on various types of plasmas for surface modification and their effects on the surface after plasma treatment to improve the grafting and adhesion of the sensing layer with the substrate. The aim of this article is to systematically overview the development of plasma-enhanced smart and flexible gas sensors to date and to envisage their future progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, design of a high-order-mode (TE20-mode) staggered double vane (SDV) traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) with two pencil electron beams is presented. Since, the dimensions are larger when compared to fundamental mode TWTAs, the high-power capacity can be achieved. Meanwhile, several ways to suppress the fundamental mode competition and improve the stability of our high-order-mode TWTA are studied thoroughly, such as limiting the gain of each stage and using metal or wave-absorbing material columns. A three-stage TE20-mode SDV TWTA with aluminum nitride column at the center of vanes is simulated to get an over 145-W peak power with a corresponding gain of 32.5 dB. The frequency spectrum is pure at 220 GHz and the output signal is a stable TE20-mode signal. The bandwidth reaches about 38 GHz. The results show that high-order-mode operation can develop the high-power capacity vacuum electron devices at terahertz band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intention to organize this Special Issue was born at the International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE), which is held every two years in Tomsk under the technical sponsorship of the IEEE. The Congress brings together four conferences, namely, the Symposium on High Current Electronics (SHCE), the Conference on Modification of Materials With Particle Beams and Plasma Flows (CMM), the Conference on Radiation Physics and Chemistry of Condensed Matter (RPC), and the Conference on New Materials and High Technologies (NMHT). Conferences have joined the Congress in different years, but the oldest one is SHCE, which was organized for the first time in 1973, four years before the establishment of the Institute of High Current Electronics (IHCE) in Tomsk. The Symposium on High Current Electronics anticipated the name of the Institute for High Current Electronics due to the fact that the scientific direction of the Institute was laid in the late 60s–early 70s of the last century by the scientific team headed by Prof. Gennady Mesyets, who organized IHCE, SHCE, and subsequently EFRE. The Congress covers a wide range of problems, from pulse power to nanoelectronics, but the unifying canvas is the high-energy impact on materials and environments. In 2020, EFRE Proceedings have published 302 conference papers that the reader can find in the IEEE Xplore digital library. This is why this Special Issue was not intended to publish extended versions of the four-page Congress papers. This special issue was open to the publication of articles by authors regardless of their participation in the EFRE community. The idea of the Special Issue was to collect and analyze the scientific and engineering interests of the community related to the plasma of high-current electric discharges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An intention to organize this Special Issue was born at the International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects (EFRE), which is held every two years in Tomsk under the technical sponsorship of the IEEE. The Congress brings together four conferences, namely, the Symposium on High Current Electronics (SHCE), the Conference on Modification of Materials With Particle Beams and Plasma Flows (CMM), the Conference on Radiation Physics and Chemistry of Condensed Matter (RPC), and the Conference on New Materials and High Technologies (NMHT). Conferences have joined the Congress in different years, but the oldest one is SHCE, which was organized for the first time in 1973, four years before the establishment of the Institute of High Current Electronics (IHCE) in Tomsk. The Symposium on High Current Electronics anticipated the name of the Institute for High Current Electronics due to the fact that the scientific direction of the Institute was laid in the late 60s–early 70s of the last century by the scientific team headed by Prof. Gennady Mesyets, who organized IHCE, SHCE, and subsequently EFRE. The Congress covers a wide range of problems, from pulse power to nanoelectronics, but the unifying canvas is the high-energy impact on materials and environments. In 2020, EFRE Proceedings have published 302 conference papers that the reader can find in the IEEE Xplore digital library. This is why this Special Issue was not intended to publish extended versions of the four-page Congress papers. This special issue was open to the publication of articles by authors regardless of their participation in the EFRE community. The idea of the Special Issue was to collect and analyze the scientific and engineering interests of the community related to the plasma of high-current electric discharges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]