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Normally, a three-electrode spark–gap switch is controlled by the application of an external trigger impulse. In this paper, a novel self-breakdown sharpening switch based on the three-electrode spark–gap switch is proposed. However, in this paper, the trigger electrode is connected to ground through a resistor, with the prespark between the trigger and the main electrodes providing the electrons and ions that initiate conduction of the main gap. A prototype sharpening switch with a breakdown voltage of 116.0 kV \pm 1.0 kV and a breakdown time of 3.396\ \mu\s\pm 0.036 \ \mu\s is described. When compared with a conventional two-electrode spark–gap sharpening switch, the novel sharpening switch has both a more stable breakdown voltage and lower jitter, and the dc breakdown and impulse breakdown characteristics of the two types of switches are presented and compared. When the impedance of the resistor connected to the trigger electrode is high, it is demonstrated that both the value of this resistor and also the type of load have little effect on the characteristics of the novel switch. However, the breakdown voltage of the novel sharpening switch was found to be sensitive to the rise time of the input pulse from the trigger generator. The prototype sharpening switch has a lifetime at least 20 000 shots and is now in use in a major pulsed power conditioning system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many approaches exist for energy storage and delivery to the load, including high-power relativistic applications. One of the best solutions for the driver of high-power relativistic applications is the Marx generator. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and experimental validation of a Marx generator consisting of capacitors, spark-gap switches, and resistors. It is designed as an eight-stage Marx circuit to reach an output voltage level as low as −500 kV, and it is directly connected to the Blumlein pulse-forming line (PFL) to achieve more than 100 ns of the full-width at half-maximum. Experiments are performed with a solution load in a manner similar to having a coaxial structure in a high vacuum with a pressure of below 0.5\, \times \, 10^-5 torr, to prevent breakdown and measure the amplitude of the negative high-voltage pulse waveform. The solution load is designed to capture the short-pulse output of the PFL with a rise time of less than 25 ns and a voltage level of approximately −500 kV. The experimental results show that the output pulse can be used as a source to generate an intense relativistic electron beam at the gun for high-power relativistic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

SPHINX is a microsecond linear transformer driver located at Atomic Energy Comission (CEA) Gramat (France), which can deliver a current pulse of 6 MA within 800 ns in a Z -pinch load. Using the concept of the dynamic load current multiplier (DLCM), which was proposed by Chuvatin, we expect to increase the load current above 6 MA, while decreasing its rise time to \sim300 ns. The DLCM developed by the CEA Gramat and International Technologies for High Pulsed Power (ITHPP) is a compact system made up of concentric electrodes (autotransformer), a dynamic flux extruder (cylindrical wire array), a vacuum convolute (eight post-hole rods), and a closing switch (compact vacuum surface switch). The latter is a key component of the system, which is used to prevent the current from flowing into the load until the inductance builds up due to the implosion of the wire array. This paper presents the design and testing of the DLCM surface switch, resulting from both electrostatic simulations and experiments on the SPHINX generator. These studies, carried out either with or without load (open circuit), were valuable for a first experimental evaluation of the DLCM scheme in a microsecond regime and provided detailed information on the surface switch behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]