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Shear horizontal (SH) waves are commonly generated by periodic permanent magnet (PPM) electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) in metallic media. Conventional PPM EMATs generate ultrasonic waves, which simultaneously propagate both forward and backward. This can be an undesirable characteristic, since the backward wave can be eventually reflected, reaching the receiver transducer where it can mix with the signal of interest. This limitation can be overcome using two side-shifted PPM arrays and racetracks coils to generate SH waves in a single direction. That design relies on the EMAT wavefront diffraction to produce constructive and destructive interference, but produces unwanted backward traveling sidelobes. Here, we present a different design, which uses a conventional PPM array and a dual linear-coil array. The concept was numerically simulated, the main design parameters were assessed and the unidirectional EMAT was experimentally evaluated on an aluminum plate, generating the SH0-guided wave mode nominally in a single direction. The amplitude ratio of the generated waves at the enhanced to the weakened side is above 20 dB. Since the wavefronts from the two sources are perfectly aligned, no obvious backward sidelobes are present in the acoustic field, which can significantly reduce the probability of false alarm of an EMAT detection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodic permanent magnet (PPM) array electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) can efficiently generate and receive shear horizontal (SH) ultrasonic waves. Conventional PPM EMATs typically generate waves which simultaneously propagate both forward and backward. This can complicate the received signals and make it difficult to locate the position of scatterers. Unidirectional generation of ultrasounds can be achieved if two ultrasonic sources are separated by a predefined distance and are excited with the proper delay. Relying on this principle, EMATs have been previously designed aiming to generate other modes of ultrasonic waves. The main challenge when extending this conception to an SH-wave EMAT is how to restrict each coil to its specific magnet array. We present the concept of a unidirectional SH EMAT consisting of two racetrack coils and two interlaced PPM arrays, that are slightly shifted sideways, in such a way that the generated wavefronts still properly interfere. The design was fabricated and experimentally evaluated in an aluminum plate generating the SH0 guided wave mode. The forward to backward generated wave ratio is above 20 dB and well agrees with finite element simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elastic waves generated by traditional meander- line coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) propagate in two directions, overlapping the echo signals from defects with the same distances, and the defect echo signal is hard to distinguish from the edge-reflected signal when the EMATs are near the edge of a specimen. In this paper, a unidirectional EMAT with two meander-line coils is proposed. A finite element model is used to simulate the directivity of the Rayleigh and shear vertical waves generated by these EMATs. Six transducers are fabricated using the printed circuit technique. The unidirectional Rayleigh wave and shear vertical wave are tested, and the results agree well with the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic ultrasonic (EMU) Lamb waves excited by electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) possess many advantages in NDT. However, their characteristic multi-modes and dispersion are disadvantageous for inspection and restrict further improvements in their real applications. By deducing the excitation equation of EMU Lamb waves, the primary design parameters of EMATs and the characteristic equation of Lamb waves are combined, and excitation curves based on the excitation equation are plotted to aid the design of EMATs. The excitation characteristic of EMU Lamb waves on different thickness of plates is analyzed according to the excitation curves. The influence of multi-modes of EMU Lamb waves is minimized by choosing reasonable operating points and operating zones to excite a single-mode Lamb wave or multi-mode Lamb waves with identical or approximate propagation velocities. The influence of dispersion is minimized by searching corresponding points whose slope of group velocity tends to zero. The validity of the proposed method is verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]