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This study introduces a techno-economic planning strategy of reactive power (VAr) in power transmission systems. This planning strategy primarily has been focused on reactive power planning (RPP) through operating cost minimisation ensuring cost-oriented system security. The objective function (operating cost) is blended with four different components viz. cost due to real power loss, VAr generation cost, additional VAr compensation devices cost and line charging cost. FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices are installed at weak positions through different echelons to improve the system voltage stability. The authors also implemented the probabilistic hybridisation of crow search algorithm and JAYA to find out the optimal set of controlling parameters related to VAr. Finally, a sharp and minute analysis of the results has been done to validate the proposed strategy under multi-loading conditions. To understand the efficiency and efficacy the code profiling and simulation has been rendered on IEEE 30 bus and UPSEB 75 bus test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents gravitational search algorithm (GSA)-based optimisation technique for the optimum coordination of multi-type flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices with the existing reactive power sources present in a connected power network. Three types of FACTS devices: namely, unified power flow controller, static var compensator and thyristor controlled series capacitor are used in the present problem and IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 bus systems are taken as standard test systems. The existing reactive power sources are reactive generations of the generators and transformer tap setting arrangements. The main objective of the present study is to reduce active power loss, system operating cost including the cost of FACTS devices and congestion in transmission network. The result obtained with the proposed GSA-based approach is compared with the results obtained by genetic algorithm, differential evolution and particle swarm optimisation techniques. It is observed that by optimal placement of FACTS devices along with the optimal setting of the transformer tap arrangements and control of reactive generations of the generators line loss, system operating cost and transmission congestion is reduced significantly by the GSA-based method compared with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]