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Introduction Patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome have high risks of uterine and cutaneous leiomyomas and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which are caused by germline mutation of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. RCC lesions are mostly high‐grade tumors with a poor prognosis. Case presentation A 37‐year‐old man who had previously undergone treatment for a left RCC was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of right RCC. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis revealed fumarate hydratase (FH)‐deficient RCC. The left RCC, which was originally diagnosed as mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, was reviewed and diagnosed as FH‐deficient RCC. The patient's father and uncle both died of RCC, and the father's tumor was also immunohistochemically proven to be FH‐deficient RCC. Conclusion HLRCC‐related RCC should be considered in a differential diagnosis of young patients with a family history of RCC.

Introduction Intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy is an effective treatment for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, which is occasionally associated with side effects and complications. The incidence of significant renal complications after intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy is less than 2%. We report a case of renal granuloma after intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin immunotherapy for bladder cancer, which radiologically resembled a papillary renal cell carcinoma. Case presentation A 65‐year‐old man, who had a medical history of urothelial carcinoma and received intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy, was referred to our Urology Department with a right renal tumor. Imaging findings suggested papillary renal cell carcinoma. Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy was performed, and the histopathological examination revealed epithelioid cell granuloma, which were considered to be Bacillus Calmette–Guérin‐related renal granuloma. Conclusion Bacillus Calmette–Guérin‐related renal granuloma mimicking papillary renal cell carcinoma have been reported. We should consider the possibility of renal granulomas when encountering image abnormalities for patients treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy.

Introduction Subcutaneous emphysema is a relatively common complication in laparoscopic surgery. However, airway obstruction secondary to subcutaneous emphysema is rare. Case presentation A 63‐year‐old woman with a 56‐mm left renal tumor underwent a robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. The operative time was 155 min, the insufflation time was 108 min, and the estimated blood loss was 70 mL. The pneumoperitoneum pressure was maintained at 12 mmHg, except at 15 mmHg for 19 min during tumor resection. The end‐tidal CO2 was

Introduction Granulomatous prostatitis is a benign inflammatory condition of the prostate that may mimic prostatic adenocarcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging findings. Even in the era of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, the differential diagnosis of granulomatous prostatitis from malignancy remains difficult. Case presentation A 69‐year‐old man with abnormal magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings, and a prostate‐specific antigen value of 2.48 ng/mL underwent prostate needle biopsy. He had a history of urinary tract infection 3 months prior to presentation. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging showed low‐intensity signals on T2‐weighted images, slightly high‐intensity signals on diffusion‐weighted images, and low values on apparent diffusion coefficients. The prostate imaging‐reporting and data system version 2 score was 3. Histological examination revealed granulomatous prostatitis. Conclusion For patients with preceding urinary tract infections, granulomatous prostatitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis, even when magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography suggest prostatic adenocarcinoma.