1. Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in PTEN Loss Prostate Cancer.
- Author
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Esteban-Villarrubia, Jorge, Ballesteros, Pablo Alvarez, Martín-Serrano, Miguel, Vico, María Ruiz, Funes, Juan M, de Velasco, Guillermo, Castro, Elena, Olmos, David, Castellano, Daniel, and González-Billalabeitia, Enrique
- Subjects
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TUMOR suppressor genes , *PTEN protein , *IMMUNE checkpoint proteins , *IMMUNOREGULATION , *PROSTATE cancer - Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is a frequently lost tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, leading to aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcomes. PTEN loss results in aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting oncogenesis. These alterations also lead to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with altered immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiles, and immune checkpoint regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying PTEN loss in prostate cancer and the consequent immune alterations observed in this subtype, thus underscoring the importance of understanding PTEN-mediated immune modulation for the development of effective therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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