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The subject of otherness in Melanie Klein is approached from her notions of "objects". At first, this paper sets her work within a general panorama of psychoanalytic theories, in a perspective that focuses the importance of the other in different conceptions about the psyche's constitution. Then, reflecting on notions of "partial object", "whole object", "internal object", "external object", "external world" and "external reality", this paper considers the limits and possibilities of the experience of otherness in Klein's work. Her ideas are characterised by a philosophical conception that simplifies the notions of reality and creates conceptual impasses, limiting the reach of the otherness in her work. Despite that, her formulations emphasize, in an original way, aspects of the subject and mainly of the object, giving special importance to the experience of otherness [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that Psychoanalysis and Ethics are different fields of knowledge, but with an important field of intersection, this paper intends to show, through a systematization effort, that the diversity of metapsychological models present in Psychoanalysis produced not only differences in the theoretical approach of ethics and moral conscience, but also in the clinical objectives of each of these streams of thought. The paper examines the works of authors who determined four main psychoanalytical streams of thought - Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Heinz Hartmann e Jacques Lacan - a systematization that will be briefly presented, pointing out the respective clinical implications of these discourses. From each of these authors' discourse on ethics and moral conscience, this paper presents some comments on the place of the other in the work of each of these authors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departing from Freud's image of the shadow of the object that fell upon the ego, Bollas discovers an inexhaustible source for his own ideas, unfolding a myriad of meaningful and creative contributions to contemporary psychoanalysis. Following a tradition in psychoanalysis that emphasizes the role of the environment in psychic constitution, Bollas turns to the main aspects of classical Psychoanalysis theory, either proposing new concepts or invigorating those already well established. Without committing to the easy solution of opposing intrapsychic and intersubjective conceptions about the psyche, he rather keeps them in a permanent and fertile dialogue. This paper, an introductory one, presents some of his major conceptions about the role of the other in the constitution of the silent - though evocative - roots of the unconscious in its structural dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the dimension of alterity in Hans W. Loewald's work, presenting and discussing some of his theoretical conceptions. After a brief presentation of the author and his work, some formulations and concepts related to his original conception of reality are explained and debated, putting in evidence the place of alterity in his work. These conceptualizations are: the levels of ego-reality integration; the Oedipus Complex' relational understanding; and the idea of a continuous psychic constitution, in which the present time dimension acquires relevance. After that, his late formulations are presented, based on the Freud's second drives theory and his revised concept of projection. The ideas of unison and reverberation as empathy and the projection concept evidence the double presence of driving forces - in the ego and in the other ones -become related to the experience of knowledge about himself and about the world. These ideas especially evidence the dimension of alterity in Loewald's work [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings some reflections to bear upon the current relevance of psychoanalytic theory and practice, using concepts and theories derived from institutional psychotherapy. These concepts, originally developed under the rubric of institutionalism, led to both important contributions and ruptures within psychoanalysis. Taking as references the idea of the decentralization of the subject as proposed by Freudian theory concepts of the unconscious subject, and the importance of the word in clinical practice, the goal of this paper is to draft elements which will facilitate our continued questioning into the achievements, advancements, and stagnations of Freudian work. By bridging some of the gaps in the psychoanalytic universe, it is possible to incorporate the necessary criticisms and contributions, enabling us to continue thinking about and practicing psychoanalysis in a critical fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]