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This article investigates Calvin’s use of the schema of descent and ascent to construct his soteriology. The main argument offered is that Calvin utilises the notion of descent-ascent as a tool to weave together juridical and mystical categories in his soteriology. The descentascent scheme enables him to construct a theocentric soteriology that is personal and dynamic in nature, whilst concrete in ethical application. It also endows his soteriology with a strong pneumatological and eschatological orientation.‘Aanskou die leer’: Neerdaling en opvaring in Calvyn se soteriologie. Hierdie artikel ondersoek Calvyn se gebruik van die neerdaling-opvaringskema in sy soteriologie. Die argument is dat Calvyn hierdie skema as ’n instrument gebruik om die juridiese en mistieke kategorieë in sy soteriologie te integreer. Die neerdaling-opvaringskema stel hom in staat om ’n teosentriese soteriologie te ontwikkel wat persoonlik en dinamies van aard is, maar terselfdertyd konkreet in etiese toepassing. Dit verskaf ook ’n deurslaggewende pneumatologiese en eskatologiese oriëntasie aan sy soteriologie.

Theodicy is the attempt to justify God’s righteousness and goodness amidst the experience of evil and suffering in the world. This article discusses Karl Barth’s Christological and Jürgen Moltmann’s eschatological approach to the problem of theodicy. The central theoretical argument is that the problem of theodicy poses a major hermeneutical challenge to Christianity that needs to be addressed, since it has implications for the way in which theology defines itself. Questions that arise are: What are the boundaries of theology? What are the grounds on which the question of theodicy must be asked? Is the Christian understanding of God’s omnipotence truly Scriptural? The modern formulation of theodicy finds its origin in the Enlighten- ment that approaches the problem from a theoretical framework based on human experience. This theoretical approach leads, however, to further logical inconsistencies. Theology must rather approach the problem in the same way as Scripture does, by taking the cross, resurrection and parousia of Christ as point of departure. The cross and resurrection are a sign that suffering is not part of God’s plan and at the same time an affirmation of God’s victory over suffering and evil.

Equality in the light of the 1996 South African Constitution and Scripture In the debate on the role of women in the church the principle of equality (especially gender equality) is of particular importance. Churches and theologians are confronted by a twofold question, that is: • Does Scripture support gender inequality as a consequence of the patriarchal context in which it originated? • Are churches that prevent women from serving in the offices not guilty of gender discrimination? Before these questions can be answered theologians should clarify the concept of equality. The aim of this article is to compare the biblical concept of equality with the ethical content with which the Constitutional Court imbues the South African constitutional value of equality. The central theoretical argument of this article is that there is a fundamental difference in content between the biblical concept of equality and the South African constitutional value of equality. The main differences in content between the two concepts of equality will be highligted by way of comparison. After the comparison of these concepts, a few observations will be made which are relevant for the debate on the role of women in the church.