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Background: Among enterobacteria E. coli and Klebsiella spp. are of great concern in health care settings, as these bacteria sometimes may contaminate the milk due to unhygienic practices and poor udder condition which have been associated with various illnesses. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the carbapenem resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp. of bovine milk origin with regard to the risk of human transfer via the food chain in community. Methods: Total 240 samples were collected from Ayodhya and Sultanpur districts of Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh (India). Confirmation of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates was done by using species specific uidA and 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Then, carbapenemase positive E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were confirmend by DDST, MBL E-strip test and PCR analysis by targeting (bla-NDM, bla-OXA-48 and bla-KPC). Antibiogram of all carbapenemase positive isolates was performed against 20 antibiotics of 12 different classes. XResult: In the present study, total 74(30.83%) isolates were identified including 55(22.92%) E. coli and 19(7.92%) Klebsiella spp. by PCR, out of which 12(16.21%) isolates were confirmed as carbapenemase producers comprising 7(12.72%) E. coli and 5(26.31%) Klebsiella spp by DDST and E-strip. All carbapenemase positive E. coli were found 100% sensitive to polymyxin-B and chloramphenicol, while all Klebsiella spp. were 100% sensitive to amikacin and polymyxin-B. Resistance against imipenem, meropenem, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriazone, aztreonam and ampicillin ranged between 80.0%-100%. All carbapenemase positive isolates were found multidrug resistant. Carbapenemase genes bla-NDM and bla-KPC were detected in E. coli while bla-OXA-48 and bla-KPC were detected in Klebsiella spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of genetic predispositions to susceptibility towards bovine tuberculosis (bTB) for the purpose of improving herd resistance to bTB through marker/genomic selection has been one of the thrust areas of research in animal production. Immune response genes, such as Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) which are involved in mycobacterial recognition and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFa) which is a vital pro-inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic roles in immune response that enables mounting of a strong microbicidal action, are potential strong candidates for exploring genetic basis of resistance. Present investigation was aimed at exploring the association of three SNPs (rs43702940, rs68343175 and rs55617317) in TLR1 gene and one SNP (rs109967811) in TNFa gene with susceptibility to bTB infection in cattle. In a case-control population of bTB established using single intradermal tuberculin test, three of the investigated SNPs were found to be polymorphic while rs43702940 revealed monomorphism. SNP loci rs109967811 in TNFa gene was found to be significantly (P < 0.01) associated with susceptibility to bTB in the study population. These findings suggest that SNPs rs109967811 located in exonic region of TNFa can likely serve as a potential marker against bTB infection in cattle upon validation in independent, larger resource population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostasomes are extracellular vesicles that fuse with sperms thereby improving its functional parameters. Present study aimed to isolate and characterise prostasomes from semen of KF bulls, and to investigate prostasomes effects on functional parameters of KF bull spermatozoa. Isolated prostasomes were characterized with respect to the binding of FITC-conjugated CD 26 antibodies, as well as protein, cholesterol and phospholipids content. Subsequently, effects of prostasomes supplementation (1mg/ml) were investigated on ROS production, Ca2+ signalling, mitochondrial membrane potential and acrosome integrity of fresh and cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa. Isolated prostasomes were immunostained positively. Prostasomes showed higher proportion of both protein and cholesterol as compared to phospholipids. When sperm samples were supplemented with prostasomes, ROS production decreased, while all other functional parameters improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was taken up to find out Beta 2 Microglobulin (β2M) gene variants and their association with IgG concentrations in colostrum of Murrah buffaloes. 40 newly parturated Murrah buffaloes dams were included in the present study. Polymerase chain reaction- single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique was used to explore the polymorphism in β2M gene of buffaloes. The PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing of different patterns obtained by silver staining of fragments pertaining to exon 1 through 4 and partial introns 1 through 3, revealed 9 SNPs which were further used to prepare the haplotypes. 7 different haplotypes were observed. Indirect ELISA was done to estimate IgG concentrations in colostrum (collected 1 hour before first milking) obtained from buffaloes. IgG levels in colostrum ranged from 11.22 to 185.1 mg/ml with a mean IgG concentration of 51.71 ± 5.99 mg/ml. The effect of different haplotypes was evaluated on IgG concentrations. The least square analysis of variance could not exhibit a significant effect of buffalo dam haplotype on colostral IgG concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted on Sirohi and Barbari goat breeds to investigate the association of polymorphic variants with gastrointestinal nematode resistance in these goats. A total of 60 animals comprising 30 each of the two breeds selected randomly were included in the study. Genomic DNA isolated from venous blood was amplified for caprine lymphocyte antigen-DRB3 gene with specific primer by standardizing and optimising the PCR protocols. The PCR product of genomic DNA isolated from kids of Sirohi and Barbari breeds of goat on digestion with restriction enzyme Pst1 revealed three genotypes viz., AA, AB and BB with genotypic frequencies of 0.53, 0.37 and 0.10, respectively in Sirohi and 0.73, 0.20 and 0.07 in Barbari breed. The frequencies of A and B alleles were 0.72 and 0.28 in Sirohi and 0.83 and 0.17 in Barbari breed, respectively. Both the breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for these variants and were homogeneous with respect to their distribution. The effects of breed, genotype as well as their interaction were found to be non-signinficant. There were no significant association between genotypes at CLA-DRB3 locus and eggs per gram (EPG) count in both the breeds. It was concluded that this CLA-DRB3 gene locus cannot be used for selection of goats for nematode resistance in the present herd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is the highest milk producer of the world and crossbreeding to augment genetic potential of native breeds, has played an important role to achieve this feat. The present study with five microsatellite DNA loci BM1818, BM1443, BM1905, BM1258 and MB026 associated with Somatic Cell Score (SCS) and milk production, was aimed at finding variation in 76 crossbred cows. PCR amplified products were resolved on MetaPhore® agrose. The number of alleles for BM1443, BM1905, BM1258 and MB026 were found to be 7 each while it was 8 in BM1818. The size of alleles ranges from 149-186 bp for BM1443, 178-204 bp for BM1905, 208-252 bp for MB026 and 252-296 bp for BM1818. The data on polymorphism information content, heterozygosity, number of effective alleles of these short tandem repeat loci shows that BM1443 was having lowest and BM1818 was having maximum variability. Microsatellite BM1818 was not found to be associated with SCS in this population. Means of SCS of genotypes 178/192 and 188/188 for marker BM1905, genotypes 228/252 and 238/ 252 for marker MB026, genotype 120/110 for marker BM1258 and genotypes 182/154 and 178/154 for marker BM1443 were found to be higher. Only two markers viz. BM1818 and BM1443 was found to be significantly associated with 305 days milk yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total 1905 first farrowing records of Landrace X Desi individual pigs were analyzed to study effect of various non genetic factors on different pre-weaning individual body weights and to estimate of breeding values of boars for weaning weight. The average least squares means for BW, 15dW, 28dW, 42dW and 56dW (weaning weight) were 0.81 ± 0.01, 2.85 ± 0.02, 5.06 ± 0.06, 7.28 ± 0.06 and 9.45 ± 0.08 kg, respectively. The effect of litter size was highly significant on all traits whereas effect of sex was not significant on any traits under investigation. The birth weight and weaning weight decreased significantly during later period. The average breeding value of boar for weaning weight was 9.42 kg, the breeding values ranged from 6.57 kg to 11.83 kg. The estimate of heritability for BW, 15dW, 28dW, 42dW and 56dW (weaning weight) were 0.43 ± 0.04, 0.31 ± 0.04, 0.35 ± 0.05, 0.40 ± 0.06 and 0.49 ± 0.06, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]