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Health-care professionals in India frequently manage injection or infusion therapies in persons with diabetes (PWD). Patients taking insulin should know the importance of proper needle size, correct injection process, complication avoidance, and all other aspects of injection technique from the first visit onward. To assist health-care practitioners in their clinical practice, Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendations, India, has updated the practical advice and made it more comprehensive evidence-based best practice information. Adherence to these updated recommendations, learning, and translating them into clinical practice should lead to effective therapies, improved outcomes, and lower costs for PWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiorenal complications (CRCs) associated with T2D are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. There is a paucity of data regarding the burden of undiagnosed silent CRCs among individuals with T2D in India. Aim: To present country-specific analyses from the 'Take CaRe of Me' program, a subset of the iCaReMe global, cloud-based registry (NCT03549754), evaluating the prevalence and clinical manifestations of CRCs among individuals with T2D from the primary care setting in India. Methods: Cross-sectional data of adults with T2D and no history of CRCs at index visits were collected from December 2020 through December 2021. Here we present descriptive analyses of baseline cardiorenal characteristics. Presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk was analyzed as per ESC 2019 guidelines and renal risk as per KDIGO guidelines. Continuous variables were summarized as mean ± SD and categorical variables as frequency (%). Results: A total of 3284 individuals (mean ± SD age: 54.8 ± 11.92 years, BMI: 26.7 ± 4.7 kg/m2; 46.6% females) were enrolled. Mean HbA1c was 8.1 ± 1.97% (62.7% with HbA1c ≥7%) with a mean T2D duration of 9.1 ± 7.21 years; 61.5% of individuals had a T2D duration ≥5 years. Hypertension was reported in one-third (34.3%). Overall, 1091 (33.2%) individuals had moderate-to-severe renal risk (per urine albumin creatinine ratio). Of the 1280 (39.0%) individuals with high and very high CV risk, 251 (19.6%) had echocardiographic data, of whom, 70 (27.9%) had abnormal echocardiogram (12.0% left ventricular hypertrophy, 8.4% left atrial enlargement, 4.4% valvular disease, 2.4% diastolic dysfunction, and 0.8% pulmonary hypertension). Clinical heart failure was detected in 18 (0.5%) individuals overall [Table]. Conclusion: The results show silent CRCs to be prevalent in more than one-third of individuals with T2D. Such a high burden of unrecognized CRCs highlights the unmet need for early diagnosis, risk factor management, and the use of cardioreno protective anti-hyperglycemic drugs for individuals with long-standing T2D in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As injectable therapies such as human insulin, insulin analogs, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are used to manage diabetes, correct injection technique is vital for the achievement of glycemic control. The forum for injection technique India acknowledged this need for the first time in India and worked to develop evidence-based recommendations on insulin injection technique, to assist healthcare practitioners in their clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]