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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an immunological mediated, chronic inflammatory multisystem disease which involves inflammation of the peripheral joint. Ra affects about 24.5 million people as of 2015 and the incidence rate is more dominated amongst female. Historically the involvement of the cervical spine in later stages of rheumatoid arthritis isn’t uncommon. Specifically, C1 and C2 are involved as they are the only vertebrae without intervertebral disc and synovial lining and hence they are very susceptible to inflammation due to autoimmune reaction. The alteration in the range of motion is quite significant at the cervical spine. The biomechanics of the cervical spine and shoulder joint are interlinked with each other. The protocol of specific cervical and upper shoulder stabilization exercises with electrical modalities like hot-moist pack and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and short wave diathermy therapy was conducted to find out the effectiveness of scheduled, designed physiotherapy protocol of specific stabilization exercises along with electrotherapy for cervical spine and upper shoulder stabilization exercises to see the improvement in cervical and shoulder range of motion and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Methodology: An observational study was conducted in 25 patients at Karad with a study duration of 6 months. The inclusion criteria were the patient with rheumatoid arthritis any age and gender willingly to participate. The outcome measures were universal goniometer for assessing cervical and shoulder range of motion, the visual analogue scale for pain assessment. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant reduction in the range of motion in both the cervical spine and shoulder joint. The visual analogue scale suggests there was significant pain present in the shoulder joint and cervical spine. Post-treatment assessment suggests the improvement in the range of motion and pain that leads to improvement in the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the major leading cause of death. In COPD, mostly death occurred due to inappropriate airway clearance. So if these condition left untreated then this inflammation leads to repeated cycles of injury and repair of the airway wall. Few studies have shown the effect of postural drainage and forced expiratory technique on COPD patients for airway clearance. In this study postural drainage and forced expiratory technique along with segmental relaxation from Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique use for mucus clearance as soon as possible in COPD patients Aim: To study the effect of segmental relaxation followed by postural drainage and forced expiratory technique on airway clearance in COPD patients. Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 28 individuals with COPD were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 14 individuals in each group. Group A were treated with segmental relaxation from Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique along with postural drainage and forced expiratory technique and Group B were treated with postural drainage and forced expiratory technique. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods. Conclusion: In that postural drainage and forced expiratory technique has less effect than these techniques that is postural drainage and forced expiratory technique along with segmental relaxation from Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique in COPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Diabetes mellitus affects the muscles as muscle play notable role in the regulation of blood sugar level. The lack of glucose can lead to muscle cells atrophying and therefore loss of muscle mass. Stretching can increase cellular glucose uptake. Strengthening may improve strength, enlarged muscle mass and to improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. Their paucity of literature on immediate effect of stretching versus strengthening exercises on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus .Objective: To find out immediate effect of stretching on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus individuals. To find out immediate effect of strengthening exercises on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus individuals. To compare the immediate effectiveness of stretching and strengthening exercises on blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus individuals.Methodology: the study was conducted in Krishna hospital, in physiotherapy department. 44 subjects were selected with simple random sampling method. Chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals were divided in to two groups. Group A (stretching) and group B (strengthening exercises)was given. The pre- and post –treatment postprandial Blood glucose values was measured by glucometer.Result: In conducted study, postprandial BGL showed statistically significant difference between pre and post treatment values in both group A and B.Conclusion: from the above conducted study it concludes that both stretching and strengthening exercises are effective in decreasing postprandial blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as there is no significant difference between both the groups . Strengthening exercises increased more flexibility in females than passive stretching and males were benefited with both stretching and strengthening exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Flexible flat foot is a condition of foot in which the medial longitudinal arch is lowered which is visible in weight bearing foot. This condition may be asymptomatic and needs to be treated to prevent further overuse injuries. Many of the literature suggest that individuals with flexible flat foot shows imbalances in the strength of IFM like abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis and interosseous muscles which plays major role in maintaining stability. The dynamic balance is found to be more affected in flexible flat foot which needs to be treated by strengthening the IFM. Strengthening IFM with greater efficacy can improve the dynamic balance and also have impact on foot posture of individuals with flexible flat foot.Objective:to find the effect of 2 different types of IFM strengthening on dynamic balanceMaterial and Method:In this pre-post intervention study 40 individuals with flexible flat foot were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 individuals in each group. Group A was instructed to perform short foot exercises and Group B was instructed to perform towel curl exercise for four weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with help of appropriate statistical methods.Results: According to result the in Group A and Group B there is significant increase in both right and left anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions with p value < 0.0001. Conclusion: Both short foot exercise and towel curl exercise are found to be equally effective in improving the dynamic balance in individuals with flexible flat foot. The impact of these exercises on foot posture needs to be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular disorders are public health problems worldwide. In industrialized world they are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has proved to be a major life saving operative method in cardiovascular disease. Physiotherapy interventions play major role in rehabilitation post CABG so the study was conducted with the aim to find the effect of closed kinetic chain exercises and conventional therapy on cardiac parameters in post CABG subjects. Method: In this comparative study 20 subjects were treated for post CABG subjects between the age group of 40-50 years. Group A were given conventional treatment and Group B were given Closed Kinetic Chain exercise. The pre and post -test was measure blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation and borg scale. Results: The statistical analysis for conventional therapy pre and post week1 day 1-systolic blood pressure(p=<0.0001), diastolic blood pressure(p=0.005), respiratory rate(p=0.001), heart rate(p=0.011), oxygen saturation(p=0.081) and borg scale(p=0.003). pre and post week6 day 3- diastolic blood pressure(p=0.018), respiratory rate(p=<0.0001), heart rate(p=0.005), systolic blood pressure(p=0.186), oxygen saturation(p=0.343) and borg scale(p=0). The statistical analysis for experimental group pre and post week1 day 1-heart rate (p=0.01) diastolic blood pressure(p=0.002), systolic blood pressure(p=<0.0001), respiratory rate(p=<0.0001),borg scale(p=0.0007), oxygen saturation (p=0.508). pre and post week6 day 3-borg scale(p=0), diastolic blood pressure(p=0.051),heart rate (p=<0.0001), respiratory rate(p=<0.0001), systolic blood pressure(p=0.26) and oxygen saturation(p=0.34).The study had found that conventional therapy is more effective than experimental group. Conclusion: The study concluded that conventional treatment is more effective than closed kinetic chain exercises. However, it cannot be stated that CKC has no effect because of its additional benefits on functional capacity (improve joint integrity). Therefore, it can be concluded that further studies can evaluate the improvement noted with a right combination of both and obtain greater benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frozen shoulder is a painful condition of the joint capsule leading to loss of range of motion of the joint. Due to pain and inability to move the involved shoulder, patients tend to avoid any movement of the involved arm. This leads to formation of Myofascial Trigger points and tender points in the muscles. This overall makes the prognosis more challenging as the focus is mostly on the joint. Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique is a soft tissue manipulation technique that has been proven to relieve trigger and tender points. Although proven to be efficiently effective in many disorders, this technique is not as such practiced as a common and regular approach by professionals. Thus, this technique was undertaken and experimented on Frozen Shoulder. Objectives: Objectives of the study were to determine the effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique in Frozen Shoulder and compare the effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique with conventional treatment in frozen shoulder. Material and Method: In this experimental study, 40 Frozen Shoulder subjects were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Goniometer for Range of Motion (ROM) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The subjects were divided into 2 groups, Group A Included 20 subjects treated with Hot moist pack, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Exercises and Capsular Stretching and Sleeper stretch. Group B included 20 subjects treated with Hot moist pack, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Exercises and Capsular Stretching and Sleeper stretch and Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique. Results: Within group statistical analysis of VAS, ROM and SPADI for both the groups were found to be extremely significant with a p value of <0.0001. On comparing between the two groups post treatment, there was extremely significant difference in Group B as compared to Group A regarding VAS (p=0.002), very significant difference for SPADI (p=0.0047), FLEXION ROM (p=0.0076) and ABDUCTION ROM (p=0.0026). But, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding MEDIAL ROTATION ROM (p=0.1772) and LATERAL ROTATION ROM (p=0.7602). Conclusion: The study concluded that Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Conventional Physiotherapy are both effective in the management of Frozen Shoulder. Also, Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique given with Conventional Treatment is significantly more effective as compared to conventional treatment alone on pain, range of motion and functional status of Shoulder and thus Alternate Hypothesis accepted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Greater core stability provides a foundation for greater force production in the upper and lower extremities. When the core muscles are functioning optimally, the person will be able to safely perform specific athletic or other functional activities. Core muscle imbalances are the cause of core instability and reduced balance performance. Few studies have shown the effect of swiss ball exercises on core stabilization and balance performance as well as few studies also shown the comparison between core exercise on stable and unstable surfaces for core stabilization and balance performance. The core stability and balance performance needs to be treated by strengthening core muscles. Objectives: To find the effect of 2 different types of strengthening exercises on core stability and dynamic balance in collegiate athletes. Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 26 athletes were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 13 individuals in each group. Group A was instructed to perform BOSU ball exercises and group B was instructed to perform thera band exercises for 6 weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to the results there is significant increase in both right and left anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions with p value <0.0001 as well as in core stability with p value <0.0001 Conclusion: Both BOSU Ball exercises and thera band exercises are found to be equally effective in improving core stability and balance performance in collegiate athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a disorder in which there is non-inflammatory structural breakdown of the plantar fascia. It is more common in sports that involve running and long- distance walking. Many of the literature suggest that there is 21.7 % of prevalence rate of plantar fasciitis in individuals who play sports, especially in football players who uses studs/cleats shoes. Attachment of the cleats place the foot in a dorsiflexed position throughout the stance phase of running which produces and increases pressure upon the calcaneus. This creates a pull from soft tissue attachments such as plantar fascia which further leads to disorders like plantar fasciitis which needs to be treated early and by more advanced techniques to prevent further overuse injuries. Objective: To find the effect of conventional physiotherapy exercises versus kinesiotaping in football players with plantar fasciitis. Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 40 football players having plantar fasciitis were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 individuals each. Group A was treated with conventional exercises and Group B with kinesiotaping along with conventional exercises for two weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to the result, in Group A and Group B there is significant difference in pain and measures of foot function index with p value < 0.0001. Conclusion: The results obtained by studying both the groups in this study suggests that in treatment of plantar fasciitis, Conventional Therapy along with Kinesiotaping is more effective than Conventional Therapy alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rounded shoulder is a common postural abnormality in young adults due to abnormal posture adaptation while working. It may lead to decrease in thoracic mobility and increase in intradiscal pressure. In severe cases breathing problem may occur due to changes in the anterio-posterior diameter. Few studies have shown the effect of elastic band exercise on rounded shoulder to improve the postural alignment. Shoulder stabilization exercises and pectoralis minor stretching is also effective in rounded shoulder. In these study structured exercise were use to correct the rounded shoulder posture and to prevent the further complication. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of structured exercise programme on subjects with rounded shoulder. Material and method: In this pre-post intervention study 32 individuals with rounded shoulders were included. They were randomly divided into 2 groups with 16 individuals in each group. Group A were treated with structured exercises and Group B were treated with elastic band exercises for 4 weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with the help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to the statistical analysis there is significant decrease in measurement of rounded shoulder in both Group A and Group B with p value <0.0010 and <0.0001 respectively. Conclusion: Structured exercise and elastic band exercises both are equally effective in improving the rounded shoulders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in post-menopausal women. Method: The study group consisted of 50 post-menopausal women, aged between 45-65 years, screening of 100 women was done and 50 women having cognitive changes and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. They were given exercises for 4 weeks,4 times per week and pre-post result were calculated on the basis of attention, memory, anxiety and depression. The scores were measured by using mini mental scale, mood scale and Hamilton depression rating scale. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that there is statistically extremely significant difference in cognitive changes in post menopausal women. (p >0.0001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]