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Background: Identification of human beings forms the basis of any criminal investigation. Lip print study, also known as cheiloscopy is the study of patterns formed by the ridges and grooves on the external surface of lips. This study aims to classify lip prints and study its correlation to sex. Methodology: 205 student participants who volunteered were included in this study of which females were 123 and males were 82. A food safe pigment was applied to the lips. Over this pigment, the glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and the subject was asked to make a lip impression in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the centre first and then pressing it uniformly toward the corners of the lips. The cellophane strip was then stuck to the white chart paper for permanent record purpose, then visualized by magnifying lens and analysed quadrant wise. Conclusion The most common lip print in the upper lip was found to be type 3 and in the lower lip was found to be type 4. Statistically significant difference with respect to sex was observed in first quadrant only (p = 0.01) and not in others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of lip prints is clear from previous literature review that this evidence can be used for forensic purpose. While accepting that a body of data existed regarding the individuality of lip pattern, there is no credible research on the stability of the lip detail over time. The timescale in question could be measured in weeks and months or years. The former would be used in police investigations and the latter can be used by geneticist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A latent lip print can be important evidence, and specific substances are needed for the development of a latent lip print. However, collecting the lip print may difficult due to people who have sensitive skin with lipsticks and almost men who do not wear lipstick. Moreover, the enhancement methods of latent lip print are still lack of standardization and consistency. Aim: To develop a new staining method for the study of the lip print patterns Thai population. Method: The latent lip prints were collected from 24 males and 24 females. The ability of Roselle extract was investigated for developing latent lip prints on cigarette paper. The developed lip print was used for the morphological pattern analysis using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification criteria combined with Autodesk SketchBook. Result: The results revealed that Roselle extract exhibited potential as a staining dye for the development of latent lip prints on cigarette paper. Among the 24 males and 24 females, Type I was found to be most common and was present in 54.55% of the volunteers, followed by Types I’, II and IV (21.12%, 14.58%, and 9.03%, respectively). The least common patterns were Types III and V, each represented in 0.35% of the total volunteers. Conclusion: latent lip print could be used for study of lip print pattern by stained with Roselle extract. Moreover, a digital method using Autodesk SketchBook serves as an alternative method that provides ease in storing and identification of lip print pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy (quiloscopy) is a method of identification of a person based on characteristic arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of lips. Lip prints are unique to an individual, and persist in their characteristics over a period of years. They are like fingerprints reliable method for identification. The aim of the study was to find out various patterns of lip prints and the commonest pattern observed in both males and females. Materials and method: The study was carried out on 200 individuals residing in suburban area in Dakshina Kannada District, of ages ranging from 12-60yrs of both sexes after taking consent. The present study was carried out from 2013 to 2015.The materials used were dark colour lipstick, bond paper, cello tape. Results: The common pattern of lip print observed was Type I in the entire study population in both males and females. In Dakshina Kannada however it was not statistically proved significant. There was no significance between patterns and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of vital importance in forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal enquiries. The applicability of Cheiloscopy ( study of pattern of lip print), one of the easiest tools available in individual and medicolegal identification, is an area of extensive research in recent years. With the objective to investigate the uniqueness of lip patterns in relation to gender and blood groups, this study was conducted on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females. The lip prints obtained were studied by applying Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification.Type 2 (37%) was the most common lip print type in males and Type 3 (38.5%) was the most common lip print type in females. The Lower lip print can help in gender determination. No significant statistical correlation was found between the lip print patterns and blood group. Along with the traditional methods of identification like fingerprint analysis,Cheiloscopy can also be helpful in the identification of a person.However, the utility of the same in forensic medicine still remains largely untapped and unacknowledged. Similar studies with larger sample sizes are required to obtain statistically significant reports thereby allowing a more impactful emergence of lip print patterns usage in forensic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. Since the inception of the technique, the techniques is being used to evaluate the individual identity and its association with sex determination. As the blood stains may also be present at a crime scene, further studies have also been done to evaluate the association of common blood group pattern with lip prints. Aims and Objectives: To study the patterns of lip print and its association with blood group and gender in adults. Methods: In this prospective observational study, data were collected from 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females). All the subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were in the age group of 18-30 years. In this study lip print pattern samples were collected by paper fold method and blood group samples were collected and both were analysed according to Tsuchihashi classification and Landsteiner’s classification respectively. Results: A The predominant lip print pattern found in males, females and both the gender together was Type 1- complete vertical in both upper and lower lips. Predominant blood group found in this study was B+ve. Most frequent lip print pattern found in all blood group types was Type 1- complete vertical. Conclusions: Our study revealed an association between distribution of lip print pattern and gender. There was no correlation found in between blood group types and the cheiloscopic patterns. Further studies in different populations with large sample size are required to obtain a more definitive picture and statistical significance of this correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of forensic odontology among undergraduate dental students. Methodology: The data was collected through a questionnaire which contained 15 close-ended questions shared through online platform. And circulated amongst undergraduate dental students through online platform, all data were completely filled and statistical analysis was done. Result: The results of this study show that Interns were the group with the most Knowledge about Forensic Odontology (p=0.0004). 75% of the Interns scored >90 and contrastingly, around 30% of the IV, III, II and I years scored >90. Conclusion: This study divulges that there was adequate knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology amongst the Interns and very few of other group students (I, II, III and IVyear) have adequate knowledge and awareness regarding forensic odontology. Although the significance of maintenance of dental records are established, it has not been practiced among the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the last 100 years, Forensic Odontology is becoming an integralpart of Medico Legal research which uses dental as well as oro-facial studies to aid in the investigation for judicial system. It can be used in legal investigations which involve the identification of human remains, bite marks and age estimation & the list goes on. Dental practitioners have a significant responsibility of keeping correct dental records and supplying the relevant details to law enforcement authorities'. This paper will attempt to sum up the current positions of Forensic Medicine dental experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification plays a major role in crime investigation. One of the most effective methods of identification are fingerprints. Like fingerprints, lip prints are also unique for individuals and remain the same throughout life. They are not influenced by environmental changes, trauma and diseases. The uniqueness of lip has been proven by researchers by using shape analysis and colour information. Lip prints can also provide some important information in crime investigations and have the ability to distinguish individuals and are used in human identification purposes. Human lips recognition is one of the most emerging methods of human identification that originates from forensic and criminal practice. Lip prints are captured by police technicians and further analysis provides valuable evidence. The use of lip prints first started in 1950 and researches were carried out in 1970. The wrinkles pattern on the lips has individual characteristics like fingerprints. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation method that deals with the study of elevations and depressions which form a characteristic pattern on the external surface of the lips. This is unique for individuals. Lip print recording is used in forensic investigation that deals with identification of humans, based on lip traces. Lip prints can be a basis for conclusion such as sexes, habits and character of that event. At a crime site lip prints can either be visible or latent. Print produced by a traditional lipstick is easily identifiable. Latent print investigation is important in resolving any criminal act. Latent lip prints are invisible prints and can be identified by using fingerprint powder. Long lasting lipsticks produce prints that are invisible and require reagents to develop the prints. The porous and multicoloured surfaces are the surfaces in which a print is difficult to identify and cannot be easily seen. Cups, glasses, tissue papers and napkins may have imprints of the suspect's lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Personal identification is becoming increasingly important not only in legal medicine but also in criminal investigation, identification and in Genetic Research. The grooves present on the lips are unique for every person. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with the identification based on lip traces. The aim of this study was to assess the specific lip print pattern for personal identification, its uniqueness among males and females and the reliability of the technique in suspect identification at the crime site. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) aged between 10 and 50 years; dark-colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips and clear impressions of the lips were taken on the bond paper. The scanned lip-print image studied using Microsoft office picture manager. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. Chi-square test and p-value of the samples were calculated. Results: The study revealed that the lip print patterns for each individual were unique and there was no peculiar pattern distribution among male and female subjects. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy is analogous to fingerprint analysis and can be used as a tool for individual identification along with dermatoglyphics. It can also be used as an aid in forensic sex determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personal identification has an important role in forensic sciences. Lip print and thumb print can be used for personal identification since they are unique for individuals and do not change during the life of a person. Objective: To analyse predominant patterns of lip print in females and males, To analyse predominant patterns of finger print in females and males, To identify if there exists any correlation between lip prints and finger prints. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sathyabama Dental College among 500 individuals (250 females and 250 males) between age group of 18-40 years. Fingerprint and lip print of all the subjects were collected and compared, and the results were analyzed based on Micheal Kucken classification system for fingerprints and Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification for lip prints. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Level of significance was set as 0.05. Result: Reticular lip print pattern was found in majority (36.4%) of the males, whereas vertical grooves (29.6%) and branched grooves (29.6%) are common in females. Finger prints showed that loop pattern is more common in both males and females. This study showed a significant correlation between lip prints and thumb pattern in males while females showed no significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of lip prints, is commonly applied in forensic odontology and it is known as cheiloscopy. The term cheiloscopy was derived from Greek words, in which "cheilos" means lip and "scopy" means to examine. In general, cheiloscopy is define as a method of identifying an individual based on the arrangement of lines seen on the red part of the lips or a science dealing with the various line appearing on the red part of the lips. The pattern of wrinkles and grooves that are present on the lips has distinct characteristic features of an individual which are almost similar to the fingerprints. It also will not change throughout the life. Therefore, it can be used for personal identification and sex determination. Aim: To investigate lip print pattern in males and females and to evaluate them between Malaysian and Indian population. Materials and Method: There were 40 participants of both gender. 20 of them are from the Malaysian population and another 20 people are from the Indian population. Each participant was instructed to clean their lips with a clean white cloth, before taking the lip print. This was followed by the application of dark coloured lip stick on lips by using the lip stick applicator. Cellophane tape was used to take the negative impression of the lip pattern. The glued portion of the cellophane tape was placed on the lips by giving a light pressure beginning from the centre of the lips till the corner of the mouth. Then, the impression was transferred to a clean white paper and seen under the magnifying glass. Results: Type I lip pattern was commonly seen in Indian population, followed by type III, II and IV. Whereas for Malaysian population, type III was most common followed by type I, II and IV. There was significant difference between both population. In this study, it showed that type I was the most common lip print pattern seen in both Indian and Malaysian population for females. Whereas for male, type III was more common in Malaysian population, and both type III and IV were more common in Indian population. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in both population according the general distribution of lip print pattern. There was no correlation or similarity of lip print patterns between each participants in both population. Thus, cheiloscopy can be used for sex determination and also personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of the suspect, living or dead with the help of physical charachteristics play a vital role in forensic science. Improved methods of gender determination and personal identification are important in solving criminal cases. Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy have been proved to be of use in personal identification. The present study aims to evaluate correlation of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in gender determination Materials and Method: The study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2019 on 2112 individuals (1056 males and 1056 females) aged from 15 to 60 years in KMCT Dental College, Calicut. For lip print analysis Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification was followed. For finger print analysis impression of all the fingers were taken. For analysis, the images were cropped and abode photoshop software was used. Results: Type 1 and 1' lip groove patterns were found to be predominant among males.Type 4 and Type 5 lip groove patterns were found to be predominant among females. Loop finger print patterns were found to be predominant among males.Whorl finger print patterns were found to be predominant among females. Positive correlation (+0.80) was found between loop finger print pattern and Type 1' lip print pattern in males which is statistically significant (p=0.003).Positive correlation (+0.75) was found between whorl finger print pattern and Type IV lip groove pattern in females which is statistically significant. (p=0.005) Conclusion: There was definite correlation of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in gender determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of paramount importance in the forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal investigations. In forensic odontology, scientific methods using DNA is considered to be the gold standard method of identification; however, it's expensive and time-consuming approach have circumvented the need for less expensive and faster methods of identification. The latest inexpensive approach of quantifying evidences for identification of suspect in crime is using lip print, fingerprint, palatal rugae & blood grouping and this has gained tremendous importance in the present days. Hence, the aim of the present study is to correlate and compare Cheiloscopy, Dactyloscopy and Palatoscopy with blood group and Rh factor. Method: A total of 200 dental students between the age group18 to 25 years were included in the study. Lip print, finger print and palatal rugae patterns with ABO blood groups were collected and compared using Chi square test. The data was analysed using SPSS version 10.0 statistical package. Results & Conclusion: Statistically significant correlation existed between lip print and ABO-Rh factors (χ2statistic = 37.56, p value <0.05) and between finger prints and ABO-Rh factors (χ2 statistic = 30.6, p value < 0.05). No association was found between palatal rugae with ABO-Rhesus blood groups (χ2 statistic = 17.71, p value >0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa called as sulci labiorum form a characteristic pattern called ‘lip prints’. It is usually used in forensic investigation. Gender and face shape classification from lip print is an important procedure in forensic anthropology in order to identify the gender of a criminal, their face shape type and narrow down the scope of suspects search. Each individual has a unique lip print hence this can be useful for identification. Aim: To correlate between the type of lip prints in relation to gender and facial form among third year students in Saveetha Dental College. Method: The study group comprised of 25 females and 25 males. The materials used were lipstick, white bond paper, cellophane tape and a brush for applying the lipstick. The data obtained will be analysed on the lip print pattern and its correlation to the face shape and gender Result: The most common type of lip print for both females and males are type 1 lip print. As for face shape, round face shape is most common in females, meanwhile square and heart face shape is most common in male population. Conclusion: There is no correlation between face shape, type of lip print and gender. Further study should be done to demonstrate a more accurate reason with wider field of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In forensic identification, the mouth allows for a myriad of possibilities. Dental data is vastly used for positive identification of person, but nowadays other oral data such as palatal prints and lip prints are used for the process of identification, the object of which is to identify and register individuals for both civil and criminal purposes. Aim and Objective: To check whether there are any peculiar / common lip patterns among males and females and to establish lip prints as a tool for identification. Study Design: It's a cross sectional Prospective study. Method: It was conducted on the children who are studying in fourth standard to Tenth standard in the Government school at Pathancheru. 200 subjects were selected irrespective of their caste, religion, dietary habits & socio-economic status. Observation: Among males, it was found that intersected pattern was most common in compartments 1, 3 and 4, while the least common pattern in lip compartments 1, 2, was Undetermined. On evaluation of the lip prints of the females, compartments 1, 2 exhibited intersected pattern predominantly. However, in compartment 3 and 4, branched pattern was commonest. Conclusion: Lip prints are useful in personal identification and they differ from person to person even not similar in uniovular twins. Study showed that cellophane tape and lipstick can be easily used to retrieve lip prints. Lip print analysis is a process that can provides both qualitative and quantitative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Human identification is based on scientific principles, mainly involving estimation of age, sex, fingerprints, measurement of height, dental records. Just like these methods, lip prints can also be instrumental in identifying the sex which is vital for establishing the identity of an individual. The study of lip prints is known as cheiloscopy. The main objective of study was to find out accuracy of sex determination through lip prints. Method: The study was conducted on 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students of Azeezia medical college, Kollam. Subjects were 100 males and 100 females of the state of Kerala, aged between 18 and 25years. Details of the study were explained to the subjects and lip prints taken and analysed as per the Classification given by Tsuchihashi. Results: Type I was the most common lip print in total subjects and males. Type III predominated in females. Type I, I', II constituted majority of females. Type III, IV, V predominated in males. Conclusion: The results obtained in our study do not prove it to be an infallible method. But it still seems to open a small window to a vast unventured field. The need of the hour is to develop a standardized method to assess and accurately record the cheiloscopic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic odontology is a Latin word meaning "forum" for legal matter discussion. It's an area of dentistry where dental knowledge is applied for criminal and civil laws in justification. It is involved in the investigations to identify recovered human remains. It helps in determination of age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings. Comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records assists in identification. Thus forensic odontology has ignited lot of interest in the recent past that it has become a single positive method for identification in solving forensic cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forensic Dentistry is one of the most unexplored and intriguing branches of forensic sciences. It has been applied to variety of cases of civil and criminal, including identification, homicide, fraud, malpractice, professional misconduct and liability. It is the specialty with goal of investigating psychological, physical, chemical and biological phenomenon that can reach human being. Recent addition of DNA analysis to Forensic Dentistry is frequently used in identifying individuals or determining the origin of certain tissues. Since qualified forensic odontologists in India are very few, this paper reinforces awareness among the dental practitioners about the role of dentist in person identification and to awaken the social responsibility of maintaining dental records of all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the various methods of identification, cheiloscopy is one of the most interesting emerging techniques. It is a method to establish the identity of a person based on the presence of grooves on the red part of human lips as various studies have revealed the unique nature of lip prints just like finger or footprints. Edmond Locard of France was the first to recommend the use of lip prints for individual identification. Since 1950, the Japanese has carried out extensive research in the matter. Lip prints at a scene of crime, apart from identification, may help to point as to the nature of crime, sex of the person involved, type of cosmetics used, habits or any pathological changes of lips. Credibility of lip prints as a human identification tool for evidential purposes is yet to be accepted by courts in India as literature reveals very little research done in this field. There is a need to review the various methods of recording and collection of the lip prints at the crime scene and also the means to develop the latent lip prints. This paper reviews in detail all the important aspects of cheiloscopy like its scope in crime investigation, limitations and current research carried out in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Establishing a person's identity is a very important process in civil and criminal cases. Dental, fingerprint and DNA comparisons are probably the most common techniques allowing fast and secure identification processes. However, in certain circumstances related to the scene of the crime or due to lack of experienced personnel, these techniques might be unavailable, so there is still an increasing need for reliable alternative methods of establishing identity. Objective: The objective of the study was to check for any peculiar lip patterns and rugae patterns in relation to the sex of the individual and to analyze the degree of agreement between three observers. Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 378 subjects, which included 189 males and 189 females, in the age group of 18-30 years. Lip prints and rugae pattern were analysed by three independent observers. Results: Lip print of branched type was most commonly seen in females and cross-section in males. Wavy pattern was most common in males and females in palatal rugae. Conclusion: This study shows that lip prints and palatal rugae are unique to an individual and behold the potential for recognition of the sex of an individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is true that we have landed up in a very sophisticated and modernised era where the technology has outraged or excelled in every walk of life. But still, we are facing many new challenges especially in putting up a hault for the ever growing crime rates. Forensic dentistry proves out to be the major ray of hope where the conventional means of identification goes in vain. Forensic dental identifications, especially in times of manmade disasters, depend mainly on the availability of ante mortem dental records so it is the social responsibility of each and every dentist to maintain dental records of their patients for the noble cause of identification in the event of manmade disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. This is unique for individuals like the finger prints. Lip prints are hereditary yet considered to be individualistic, each possessing their own unique characteristics. For this reason it is safe to suggest that lip prints can be included in the forensic sciences arena as a legitimate means of identifying persons of interest connected with criminal activity. Lip prints thus hold potential promise as an instrumental tool in forensic odontology. The purpose of this article is to give an insight into this branch of forensic odontology with an emphasis on its historical background, techniques of recording it and its future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]