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The well-known plant components for their anti-diabetic properties are Azadirachta indica leaves, Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes and Withania coagulans berries and fruit coat. The current study's objective was to create a polyherbal dosage form and assess its effectiveness and stability. The various methanolic extracts of all four medicines were combined in the 1:1:1:1 ratios to create the polyherbal extract. Both in vitro antioxidant and in vitro antidiabetic activity of the extract were evaluated. For their preformulation investigations, a total of six polyherbal compositions were examined. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, the phytochemicals present were identified. The medication was then put into capsules with a 0 size and evaluated for every aspect of a capsule. The stability of the most recent medicine was examined under diverse circumstances. The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl half maximal inhibitory concentration value for the polyherbal extract was 60.56 µg/ml indicating in vitro antioxidant activity. The anti-diabetic action was equivalent to the industry standard and dose-dependent, with an half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 59.82 µg/ml for inhibiting alpha-amylase and 67.28 µg/ml for inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. The polyherbal formulation 1 displayed the best flow qualities. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data, granules may include terpenes, tannins, phenols and flavonoids. In 30 min, the capsules with polyherbal formulation 1 had a 95.77 % cumulative drug release value. The capsules were discovered to be stable under many types of lighting, however they disintegrate above 70 % humidity and over 55°. As a result, it was discovered that the polyherbal capsules were stable and effective in treating hyperglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was designed to investigate the role of estrogen receptor and KATP channel in cardioprotective effect of remote aortic preconditioning in rat heart. Remote preconditioning is a phenomenon in which brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion to remote organs protect the target organ against sustained ischemia/reperfusion induced injury. Protective effects of remote aortic preconditioning are well established in the heart, but their mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Remote aortic preconditioning in rats was produced by introducing four episodes of ischemia and reperfusion, each comprising of 5 min occlusion and 5 min reperfusion, through abdominal aorta. Perfused rat heart was isolated and subjected to global ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. The degree of cardiac injury was assessed by analysing the level of lactate dehydrogenase, creatin kinase, reactive oxygen species and nitrite in coronary effluent. Myocardial infarct size was also estimated macroscopically using tetrazolium tri chloride staining. Ethylinestradiol (10 µg/kg, orally) as estrogen receptor agonist was noted to reproduce remote aortic preconditioning mediated cardioprotection in ovariectomized rat. However, administration of glibenclamide along with or prior to ethylinestradiol abolished cardioprotection. Moreover, glibenclamide a KATP channel blocker, abolish cardioprotective effect of remote aortic preconditioning with daidzein a caveolin inhibitor (0.2 mg/kg subcutaneous). Ethylinestradiol significantly increased the release of nitric oxide and restored the attenuated cardioprotective effect of remote aortic preconditioning. These data provide the evidence that estrogen receptor activation involved in cardioprotective effect of remote aortic preconditioning-mediated trough opening of KATP channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was designed to conduct the physicochemical, phytochemical and gas chromatographymass spectrometry analysis of Chenopodium album and Stellaria media L. Methanolic extract of dried leaves of Chenopodium album and Stellaria media was prepared and subsequently fractionated using different solvents like hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate. Obtained plant fractions were analyzed for the presence of different secondary metabolites using phytochemical screening methods. Further, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total alkaloid content in different plant fractions were also estimated employing Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric methods. Results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different secondary metabolites including flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and saponin. Further, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated presence of total 30 and 31 phytoconstituents in hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of methanolic extract of Chenopodium album respectively whereas chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of methanolic extract of Stellaria media showed presence of total 33 and 35 phytoconstituents respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatogram showed abundance of polyphenolic compounds (85 % Phenol-2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), phosphite (3:1) in hexane fractions of Chenopodium album, long-chain fatty acids (51 % hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester in chloroform fractions of Chenopodium album), higher alkanes (66 % Octasiloxane1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl in ethyl acetate fractions of Chenopodium album ). Outcome of the study would certainly assist the investigators to explore these plants and to identify and develop new leads for the treatment of different pathological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]