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An experiment was conducted by feeding diets with three level of energy (2850, 2950 and 3050 Kcal/kg in pre-starter diet, 2950, 3050 and 3150 kcal/kg in starter diet and 3050, 3150 and 3250 kcal/kg in finisher diet) and three levels of protein (21.5, 22.5 and 23.5% in pre-starter diet, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5% in starter diet and 19, 20 and 21% in finisher diet) to commercial male broiler chicken for a period of five weeks to assess the production performance in environmentally controlled housing system. The results of the experiment revealed that different level of energy and protein in the diet had significant influence (P<0.05) on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratioof male broilers where high energy high protein group showed better body weight and feed conversion ratio compared to rest of the tre a tment group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by feeding diets with different levels of lysine (1.20, 1.30 and 1.40 % in pre-starter diet, 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30 % in starter diet and 0.95, 1.05 and 1.15 % in finisher diet) and methionine (0.45, 0.55 and 0.65% in pre-starter diet, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60 % in starter diet and 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55 % in finisher diet) to commercial broilers for a period of five weeks to assess the production performance. The result of the experiment revealed that at five weeks of age, group T4 recorded the lowest feed consumption (2654.69 g) and significantly better cumulative feed conversion ratio (1.31) than rest of the treatment groups (1.37 to 1.42). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by feeding diets with different levels of energy (2850, 2950 and 3050 kcal/kg in pre-starter diet, 2950, 3050 and 3150 kcal/kg in starter diet and 3050, 3150 and 3250 kcal/kg in fInisher diet) and protein (21.5, 22.5 and 23.5% in pre-starter diet, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5% in starter diet and 19, 20 and 21% in finisher diet) to commercial broilers for a period of five weeks to assess the production performance. Based on the results of the study, it may reasonably be concluded that in environmentally controlled housing system provision of 100 kcal/kg ME higher energy and 1% lesser protein may give better profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by feeding diets with different levels of energy (2850, 2950 and 3050 kcal/kg in pre-starter diet, 2950, 3050 and 3150 kcal/kg in starter diet and 3050, 3150 and 3250 kcal/kg in finisher diet) and protein (21.5, 22.5 and 23.5% in pre-starter diet, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5% in starter diet and 19, 20 and 21% in finisher diet) to commercial broilers for a period of five weeks to assess the production performance. The result of the experiment revealed that high energy and high protein group viz. CP 23.5, 22.5 and 21.0 and ME 3050, 3150 and 3250 kcal/kg in the pre-starter, starter and finisher diets respectively had significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight and body weight gain than rest of the experimental groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological trial was conducted by using two hundred fifty six commercial, sex separated, day-old broiler chicks. These chicks were randomly grouped into eight treatments with four replicates of eight chicks each and fed with basal diet as T1 (Control), T2 (Control + 100g of glucose/kg), T3 (Control + 100g of egg powder/ kg), T4 (Control + 100g of whey powder/kg), T5 (Control + 100g of glucose + 100g of egg powder), T6 (Control + 100g of glucose + 100g of whey powder), T7 (Control + 100g of egg powder + 100g of whey powder) and T8 (Control + 100g of glucose + 100g of egg powder + 100g of whey powder). The experimental feed was formulated according to the standards prescribed in Bureau of Indian Standards by including viz. glucose, egg powder, whey powder and their combinations. The supplementation of glucose, egg powder, whey powder and their combination in the diet of broilers had signi? cant difference in body weight (P<0.05) up to six weeks of age, body weight gain (P<0.05) from four to sixth weeks, feed consumption (P<0.05) at sixth week of age, cumulative feed consumption (P<0.01) at fifth and sixth week of age and feed conversion ratio (P<0.01) at fifth and sixth week of age. The dietary treatments had no significant effect on livability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological study was conducted to determine the optimum energy and lysine requirement for TANUVAS Namakkal quail-1 during starter (1 to 2 week) and finisher (3 to 4 week) phases by feeding diet with three levels of energy and lysine. The results indicated that energy and lysine individually had significant (P<0.05) influence on final body weight and body weight gain during both starter and finisher phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of graded levels of dietary L-valine supplementation was evaluated in 28 weeks old 160 commercial layers for 12 weeks. Layers were divided in to four dietary treatments, each consisting of five replicates of eight birds. The experimental feed was formulated by adding 0.05 (T2), 0.10 (T3) and 0.15% (T4) L-valine in basal layer diet and fed adlibitum to the respective treatment groups. Dietary L-valine at 0.10 and 0.15% levels had significantly (P<0.05) increased hen day and hen housed egg production. The feed efficiency was significantly (P<0.05) better in 0.15% L-valine supplemented group. Body weight, feed consumption and livability not affected by dietary L-valine supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological trial was conducted by using two hundred commercial (Vencobb), sexed, day-old broiler chicks for a period of six weeks to study the dietary supplementation of valine with respect to meat quality characteristics. Chicks were randomly grouped into five treatments with four replicates of ten chicks each and fed with basal diet as T1 (Control), T2 (Basal diet + 0.04 per cent valine), T3 (Basal diet + 0.08 per cent valine), T4 (Basal diet + 0.12 per cent valine) and T5 (Basal diet + 0.16 per cent valine). The experimental feed was formulated according to the Vencobb standards by supplementing graded levels of valine for different treatment groups. Results of the study indicated that the dietary valine supplementation had no significant effect on carcass characteristics viz. pre-slaughter weight and heart percentage at sixth week of age. However, the T2 group birds revealed significant (P < 0.01) difference for eviscerated percentage, ready-to-cook percentage, liver percentage, gizzard percentage and giblets percentage. The abdominal fat weight of broilers showed non significant difference among treatment groups. The breast and thigh muscle moisture of broilers revealed no significant difference between treatment groups. The breast and thigh muscle protein were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in T2 group. Likewise, the breast and thigh muscle cholesterol levels were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in T2 group at sixth week. Based upon this study, it is concluded that supplementation of valine in broiler basal diet at the level of 0.04 per cent significantly improved the breast and thigh muscle protein level and lowered the breast and thigh muscle cholesterol level of broiler meat in a cost effective way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth performance of broiler chicken due to dietary inclusion of fish oil in combination with different commonly available oils, viz., coconut oil, groundnut oil and rice bran oil at 1, 2 and 3 per cent level in pre-starter, starter and finisher diets, respectively was studied by rearing two hundred, sex separated, day-old, commercial (Vencobb) broiler chicks in deep litter system. All the chicks were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with five replicates of eight chicks each which consisted of T, (Basal diet with Fish oil), T2 (Basal diet with Fish oil + Coconut oil), T3 (Basal diet with Fish oil + Groundnut oil), T (Basal diet with Fish oil + Rice bran oil) and T (Basal diet with Coconut oil + Groundnut oil + Rice bran oil). Ricebran oil combined with fish °il (T4) in the basal diet recorded significantly (P<0.05) better feed conversion ratio than all other combination of oils fed group. Based upon this study, it is concluded that broiler mash formulated with combination of vegetable oils (coconut oil, groundnut oil and rice bran oil) without fish oil (Tg) in the ration might improve the production performance and profit margin in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder (NLP) through feed on growth performance in Namakkal 1 Japanese quail for a period of 4 weeks. NLP was supplemented at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 per cent level in the basal quail feed. Higher level of supplementation recorded signifi cantly (p<0.01) higher body weight, body weight gain and better feed conversion ratio. Feed consumption showed no significant variation among the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to test the CHD (Chromo Helicase DNA-binding gene) gene as molecular marker for sexing dimorphic and monomorphic birds because of its high degree of conservation and different lengths in Z and W chromosomes due to different intron sizes. Sex determination was attempted in 74 samples of 10 ratite and one non ratite species. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of dimorphic birds and feather samples of monomorphic birds. The amplification of the CHD gene was performed with 2550F/2718R sets of universal primers and it was successful in non-ratite species. w1 and k7 primers were suitable for ratite type of birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by feeding diets with different levels of lysine (1.20, 1.30 and 1.40% in pre-starter diet, 1.10, 1.20 and 1.30% in starter diet and 0.95, 1.05 and 1.15% in finisher diet) and ethionine (0.45, 0.55 and 0.65% in pre-starter diet, 0.40, 0.50 and 0.60% % in starter diet and 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55% % in finisher diet) to commercial broilers for a period of five weeks to assess the production performance. The result of the experiment revealed that group T1 viz. lysine 1.20, 1.10 and 0.95% and methionine 0.45, 0.40 and 0.35% in the pre-starter, starter and finisher diets respectively had numerically higher body weight and body weight gain than rest of the treatment groups at 5th week of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by using one hundred and twenty, commercial (Vencobb), sexed, day-old broiler chicks for a period of six weeks to study the comparative effect of dietary supplementation of different vegetable oils viz. coconut oil, groundnut oil and ricebran oil at 1 per cent, 2 per cent and 3 per cent level in pre-starter, starter and finisher diets, respectively. These chicks were randomly grouped into three treatments with five replicates of eight chicks each to study the meat quality characteristics and fed with basal diet as T1 (Basal diet + Coconut oil), T2 (Basal diet + Groundnut oil) and T3 (Basal diet + Ricebran oil). Results of the study indicated that the supplementation of different vegetable oils had no significant effect on sensory evaluation of broiler meat and carcass yields viz. pre - slaughter weight and ready-to-cook weight except heart (P<0.05) weight at sixth week of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted in Japanese quail by feeding black pepper at 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent level in basal diet for four weeks to study its effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. The results of the experiment revealed that dietary inclusion of black pepper had significant influence (P<0.05) on the body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of fenugreek, garlic and black pepper on broilers' muscle cholesterol content were studied. Broiler chicks were allocated to 1 of 7 dietary treatments from day old to 42 days of age. Significant differences were found in breast and thigh muscle cholesterol content between dietary treatments, indicating that fenugreek and garlic had reduced the cholesterol level. The anticholesterolemic effect of fenugreek significantly reduced the cholesterol level in treated group compared with the control group. The fenugreek powder (10g/kg) and garlic powder (10g/kg) also significantly reduced the cholesterol level in muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted by using two hundred commercial (Vencobb), sexed, day-old broiler chicks for a period of six weeks to study the dietary supplementation of valine with respect to serum protein and cholesterol characteristics. These chicks were randomly grouped into five treatments with four replicates of ten chicks each and fed with basal diet as T4 (Control), T2 (Basal diet + 0.04 percent valine), T3 (Basal diet + 0.08 percent valine), T4 (Basal diet + 0.12 percent valine) and T5 (Basal diet + 0.16 percent valine). Significantly (P < 0.01) the lowest value for serum total cholesterol (104.24 mg / dl) and HDL cholesterol (67.57 mg / dl) was observed in T, group. The dietary valine supplementation in broiler diet on serum total protein, albumin, serum creatinine and serum uric acid revealed a significant (P < 0.01) difference and the globulin and A/G ratio showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference between treatments. Based upon this study, it is concluded that supplementation of valine in broiler basal diet at the level of 0.04 percent (T2 group) significantly reduced the serum total cholesterol, Creatinine and uric acid levels and increased the total protein and albumin levels in a cost effective way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined the effect of dietary ghee residue (GR) on serum biochemistry and muscle cholesterol of broilers. It described GR as a by-product of dairy industry which may appear as charred light to dark brown residue. Topics covered include materials and methods used in the study, a comparison between treatment groups on serum biochemistry and meat cholesterol and factors that may affect serum cholesterol.

This article presents a study which determined the serum biochemical parameters in aflatoxin-induced chickens with and without addition of hydrated sodium calcium alumino silicate as toxin binder. Researchers examined commercial day-old broilers obtained from a private hatchery in Namakkal, India. The findings revealed highly significant values of total protein, albumin, alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST).

The article highlights a study which compared the hematological parameters of different poultry species. Blood samples were collected and analyzed from different species including guinea fowl, White Leghorn, turkey and Japanese quail. Results of the study revealed significant differences in hematological profiles such as hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV). Japanese quail had the highest mean PCV value, followed by guinea fowl and geese.

An experiment was conducted for a period of six weeks in two hundred, sex separated, day-old, commercial (Vencobb) broiler chicks under deep litter system to study the meat quality characteristics of dietary inclusion of fish oil in combination with different commonly available oils, viz., coconut oil, groundnut oil and rice bran oil at 1, 2 and 3 per cent level in pre-starter, starter and finisher diets, respectively. All the chicks were randomly allotted into five treatment groups with five replicates of eight chicks each which consisted of T1 (Basal diet with Fish oil), T2, (Basal diet with Fish oil + Coconut oil), T3 (Basal diet with Fish oil + Groundnut oil), T4 (Basal diet with Fish oil + Rice bran oil) and T. (Basal diet with Coconut oil + Groundnut oil + Rice bran oil). At the end of the experiment (42nd day), five males and females each, totally ten birds per treatment group were randomly selected and slaughtered for studying meat quality characteristics. Statistical analysis of data on carcass characteristics showed significant (P<0.05) difference for gizzard and abdominal fat weight among the treatment groups. Hence, it is concluded that groundnut oil combined with fish oil (T3) in the basal diet lowered the breast and thigh muscle cholesterol levels in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by feeding diets with different levels of energy (2850, 2950 and 3050 kcal/kg in pre-starter diet, 2950, 3050 and 3150 kcal/kg in starter diet and 3050, 3150 and 3250 kcal/kg in finisher diet) and protein (21.5, 22.5 and 23.5% in pre-starter diet, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5% in starter diet and 19, 20 and 21% in finisher diet) to commercial broilers for a period of five weeks to assess the serum biochemical parameters and the results are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted by using one hundred and twenty, commercial (Vencobb), sexed, day-old broiler chicks for a period of six weeks to study the comparative effect of dietary supplementation of different vegetable oils viz. coconut oil, groundnut oil and ricebran oil. The supplementation of different oils in the diet of broilers had no significant influence on body weight, body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broilers at six weeks of age. Based upon this study, it is observed that basal oil + groundnut oil (T2 group) recorded better profit margin than the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological experiment was conducted by adding glucose at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 per cent level in the basal diet of Japanese quail breeders during the first seven days of age to assess the body weight, body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion, livability and age at sexual maturity at the end of six weeks of age. The results of the experiment revealed that juvenile feeding of glucose at 2.5 per cent level showed significant influence (P<0.05) on body weight, body weight gain, cumulative feed consumption, feed conversion and sexual maturity than rest of the treatment groups when reared under open sided cage housing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological experiment was conducted by adding sodium diformate (NDF) at 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 per cent level and oxytetracycline at 0.02 per cent level in the basal broiler feed and fed to commercial broilers for a period of five weeks to assess the gut health. The result of the experiment revealed that dietary inclusion of sodium diformate had significantly reduced the total intestinal bacterial count, E.coli, salmonella and clostridial count in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological trial was conducted at in commercial broiler chicks from 0 to 6 weeks of age by supplementing different levels glucose, egg powder, whey powder and their combination to the basal diet The supplementation of glucose, egg powder, whey powder and their combination in the diet of broilers had significant influence on per cent yield of eviscerated (P<0.05), ready-to-cook; (P<0.05), liver (P<0.01) and giblet (P<0.05) weight at sixth week of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological experiment was conducted by adding garlic at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent level in the basal diet of Japanese quail for a period of 4 weeks to assess the production performance. The result of the experiment revealed that dietary inclusion of garlic had significant dose related influence (P<0.05) on cumulative feed consumption in Japanese quail. Dietary supplementation of garlic showed better feed conversion ratio in Japanese quail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological experiment was conducted by adding garlic at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent level in the basal diet of Japanese quail for a period of 4 weeks to assess the production performance. The result of the experiment revealed that dietary inclusion of garlic had significant influence (P<0.05) on body weight and body weight gain in Japanese quail. Among the treatment groups, the group fed with 1.5 per cent level showed better body weight and body weight gain than rest of the groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological experiment was conducted to find out the influence of dietary supplementation of sodium diformate (NDF) at 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 per cent level and oxytetracycline at 0.02 per cent level on the production performance of commercial broilers in environmentally controlled housing system. The result of the experiment revealed that dietary inclusion of sodium diformate at 0.20 per cent level had significantly increased the body weight and body weight gain and better feed conversion ratio in broilers, whereas sodium diformate supplementation had no significant influence on the feed consumption and livability of broilers reared in environmentally controlled housing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biological experiment was conducted with 800 Japanese quail which were randomly allotted intofive different floor spaces of 30.9, 28.8, 27.0, 25.4 and 24.0 square inches per bird by allowing 14,15,16,17 and 18 birds per box respectively. Significantly (P<0.05) higher hen day (Per cent) egg production was recorded in birds provided with floor space of 30.9 sq inches per bird (89.13) than rest of the groups. Similarly the egg weight was significantly (P<0.05) superior in the birds provided with floor space of 30.9 sq inches per bird (10.64 g) than rest of the treatment groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study related to prevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae antibodies in layers by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu, India. The findings include 43.25, 67.56 and 96.04 percent seropositivity recorded for chicks, growers and layers and seropositivity of 9.09, 20.14 and 62.15 percent noted for Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and seroprevalence higher among layers.

The article presents a study which evaluates the fatty acid profile in six samples of fenugreek seed and galactomannan depleted fenugreek residue. Methods and materials used in the study to analyzed the fatty acid composition are offered. The study concluded that galactomannan depleted fenugreek residue can be used livestock and poultry ration due to its fatty acids content which was comparable with fenugreek seed.