1. Do expectations on oil discoveries affect civil unrest? Micro-level evidence from Mali
- Author
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Siri Aas Rustad, Matthias Basedau, and Elise Must
- Subjects
Micro level ,Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik ,conflict ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Peace and Conflict Research, International Conflicts, Security Policy ,riots ,politischer Konflikt ,02 engineering and technology ,Mali ,Konfliktpotential ,violence ,Entwicklungsland ,050602 political science & public administration ,natural resources ,Political science ,natürliche Ressourcen ,Gewalt ,raw material deposits ,conflict potential ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,Protest ,Erdöl ,civil unrest ,Natural resource ,0506 political science ,natural gas ,resource curse ,Erwartung ,Erdgas ,Erdölgewinnung ,Erdgasgewinnung ,Rohstoffabbau ,Rohstoffgewinnung ,Ressourcenkonflikt ,Innenpolitischer Konflikt ,politische Unruhen ,Bestimmungsfaktoren der Politik ,Rohstoff ,Politikwissenschaft ,Rohstoffpolitik ,Westafrika ,oil ,Affect (psychology) ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,political conflict ,Development economics ,West Africa ,innere Sicherheit ,psychosocial factors ,crude oil ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Rohstoffvorkommen ,developing country ,Konflikt ,Unrest ,lcsh:H ,commodity policy ,Resource curse ,ddc:320 ,raw materials ,domestic security ,psychosoziale Faktoren ,expectation - Abstract
In recent years, many oil finds were made along the shores of Africa, often triggering high hopes. But do expectations of the consequences of oil discoveries affect subsequent conflict? A number of arguments back this idea. Relative deprivation theory suggests that oil discoveries raise hopes of windfalls, which if not fulfilled, result in frustration and thus increase conflict risk. In contrast, cognitive psychology assumes that the effect of expectations largely works through a confirmation bias and thus depends on whether individuals attach positive or negative expectations to oil discoveries. Given the lack of appropriate data, these relationships have never been tested empirically. Using unique georeferenced data from a representative survey in Mali in 2006, this paper addresses this gap. Our results suggest that expectations indeed significantly contribute to subsequent conflict. The negative or positive character of expectations is critical, working as "self-fulfilling prophecy" rather than frustrated "great expectations": when people hold negative views on the future effects of oil, the risk of civil unrest increases.
- Published
- 2018
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