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In order to enhance utilization of millet straw and reduce fertilizer loss, a novel multifunctional fertilizer (MS-g-PAA/PDMUA) was developed using straw cellulose and linear polymer (PDMUA) by semi-interpenetrating technology. The structure and morphology characterization of MS-g-PAA/PDMUA were measured by fourier-transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, x-photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques, to provide evidence of semi-IPNs networks and component interactions, and the results show that the product exhibited excellent water absorbency (562.3 g/g) and enhanced the soil infiltration. Cumulative release of N, P was 49.2% and 55.1%, respectively, after 40 days, coming up to the Committee of European Normalization (CEN) standard. The agricultural application of MS-g-PAA/PDMUA showed that it could promote growth indexes of wheat, which could improve wheat yields. Therefore, desirable water retention, slow-release properties, and wheat growth effects highlight the product's potential for agriculture application. [Display omitted] ● MS-g-PAA/PDMUA is derived from millet straw, can enhance waste straw utilization. ● The MS-g-PAA/PDMUA is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, which promote wheat growth. ● The product has excellent water retention and slow fertilizer-release properties. ● Preparing by waste straw can reduce cost, is beneficial to industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]