Plainvert, C., Varon, E., Viriot, D., Kempf, M., Alauzet, C., Auger, G., Batah, J., Brieu, N., Cattoir, V., Cremniter, J., Culeux, C., Decousser, J.W., El Mniai, A., Goulard de Curraize, C., Gravet, A., Grelaud, C., Hamdad, F., Isnard, C., Labrunie, A., Lanotte, P., Laurens, C., Luce, S., Lemaitre, N., Patry, I., Pelloux, I., Peuchant, O., Ploy, M.C., Revillet, H., Robin, F., Ruimy, R., Vernet-Garnier, V., Wallet, F., Lévy-Bruhl, D., Danis, K., Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence des Pneumocoques (CNRP), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Université d'Angers (UA), Programme ATIP - Avenir, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy (INCIT), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Observatoires Régionaux du Pneumocoque, Partenaires INRAE, ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service de Microbiologie [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), and This work was funded by Pfizer, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, and bioMérieux laboratories.
International audience; Objective: The 23 French Regional Pneumococcal Observatories (ORPs) analyzed antibiotic resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from invasive infections in France over a 12-year period.Methods: Between 2009 and 2021, the ORPs analyzed 19,319 strains, including 1,965 in children and 17,354 in adults. Strains were assessed for their resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin and cefotaxime. Serotypes were identified in collaboration with the National Reference Centre.Results: During this period, the number of strains collected yearly decreased significantly. The decrease was particularly pronounced up until 2013, especially in children (-61.0%). However, penicillin non-susceptible strains (PNSPs) increased in children (24.7% in 2009 vs 45.0% in 2021, p < 0.0001) and in adults (27.1% in 2009 vs 31.3% in 2021, p < 0.05), as well as resistance (I + R) to amoxicillin (children: 12.5% in 2009 vs 19.4% in 2021, p < 0.05; adults: 13.4% in 2009 vs 14.5% in 2021, NS) and resistance (I + R) to cefotaxime (children: 8.0% in 2009 vs 13.1% in 2021, p < 0.05; adults: 7.1% in 2009 vs 11.9% in 2021, p < 0.0001). All in all, the proportion of strains belonging to serotypes present in the PCV13 vaccine has fallen sharply, from 64.8% in 2009 to 23.6 % in 2021. At the same time, serotypes such as 8, 10A, 11A, 15B/C and 9N, not included in PCV13, were increasing.Conclusion: During the study period, data collected by the network highlighted an increase of invasive PNSPs in children and non-vaccine serotypes. Surveillance of resistance and serotypes remains instrumental, particularly to monitor the evolution of vaccine efficacy.