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Barker’s fetal origins hypothesis and the critical period theory suggest that early life events have long-term health effects. However, evidence of the famine exposure in early life and its effects on health in later life is scarce and inconsistent. To explore the effects of early-life exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959-1961 on later-life multimorbidity, we performed Poisson growth curve models using CHARLS Life History 2014 and CHARLS 2011-2018 (42,775 observations from 12,060 respondents). Our analyses revealed two findings. First, there was an overall detrimental effect of the early-life famine exposure on multimorbidity, although there was no effect of severity of famine exposure. Second, there was no overall interaction between famine exposure and life stages, although a more parsimonious model suggested that the detrimental effect of famine exposure was more pronounced in earlier life stages than in later life stages. Findings suggest that early life is a critical period in the life course and provides developmental origins of health and disease in later life.