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[Display omitted] • TiO 2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by green synthesis technique using Citrus Limetta extract. • The citric acid present within the extract acted as reducing and capping agent for nanoparticles synthesis. • TiO nanoparticles are of spherical shape with size ranging from 80 to 100 nm confirmed by SEM and TEM. • Photocatalytic performance of the TiO 2 nanoparticles was studied w.r.t time and catalyst concentration. • Excellent performance for RhB dye degradation showed that it can be potential candidate for water purification. In this research work, TiO 2 nanoparticles has been prepared by eco-friendly green synthesis technique using Citrus Limetta extract which is rarely used. The citric acid present within the extract acted as reducing and capping agent for nanoparticles resulting pure TiO 2 nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles are approximately 80–100 nm in size, spherical in shape and distribution of the nanoparticles was almost uniform all over the sample. The calculated band gap of nanoparticles was 3.22 eV which confirmed the formation of anatase phase TiO 2 nanoparticles. The enhanced photocatalytic activity with respect to time and catalyst concentration was examined for RhB acting as a model dye which is better than many reported results. Almost 90% dye was degraded within 80 min which shows its excellent photocatalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]