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Photophysical study of Fluorescent Zn (II) Sensor. [Display omitted] • Fluorescence study of the rhodamine-quinoline type of Al3+sensor. • Absorption spectra of rhodamine-based fluorescent Al3+ chemosensor. • Bioimaging study of FRET-based chromium(III) sensor. • HOMO-LUMO structures of rhodamine-based colorimetric Cu(II) sensors. • Fluorescence emission study of rhodamine-based Fe3+chemosensor. • Live cell imaging of Rhodamine-based Hg2+ chemosensor. Rhodamine-based photoresponsive sensors have emerged as a focal point in the realm of chemical sensing, garnering substantial attention owing to their exceptional sensitivity, straightforward implementation, and real-time detection capabilities across diverse analytes. Within this class, a notable substituent stands out for its well-established reputation, characterized by its electron-donating prowess and customizable coordination cavity, resulting in a heightened sensitivity towards various metal ions. The comprehensive examination of these sensors in the review centers on key parameters such as the detection target, detection limit, detection solution system, and detection method. Notably, the inclusion of an array of metal ions in the discussion contributes to the versatility of these sensors. To enhance the readability and applicability of the review, a detailed exploration of the indirect sensing strategy is presented, showcasing its efficacy in achieving sensitive detection, especially for anions and other species. This strategic approach not only broadens the scope of application but also underscores the versatility of rhodamine-based sensors, making this review a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Facile synthesis of fluorescent CDs from Schyzium cumini leaves by hydrothermal process. • CDs displayed excitation dependent emission with quantum yield of 15.9 %. • CDs have been used as sensing probe for the detection of Fe3+. • Low limits of detection and >85 % recovery in real water samples. • The synthesized CDs exhibits good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) derived from Syzygium cumini leaves were synthesized through a hydrothermal process and employed as a sensing probe for the highly sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+. The synthesized CDs underwent comprehensive analysis to discern their functional groups, composition, morphology, nature, and size. The CDs exhibited excitation-dependent emission fluorescence with a quantum yield of 15.9 %. Notably, Fe3+ induced a substantial quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity of the CDs compared to other metal ions. The developed fluorescent probe facilitated the selective detection of Fe3+ within a linear range of 0–300 µM, exhibiting a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.13 µM. Moreover, the applicability of the fluorescent probe was validated in real water samples, with the recovery and Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values serving as indicators of specificity and selectivity. Additionally, the CDs were assessed for cell imaging in both normal human and cancer cells. The findings indicate that the produced CDs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity and outstanding biocompatibility, underscoring their potential for bioimaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FLTC was synthesized and used as a fluorescent chemosensor to detect Hg 2 + . It showed high selectivity toward Hg 2 + over many heavy metal ions in an ethanol–H 2 O (3:2, v/v, HEPES buffer, 0.5 mM, pH 7.15) solution with a detection limit of 0.21 μM. After complexation with Hg 2 + , FLTC showed extremely high selectivity toward Ag + with a detection limit of 0.009 μM. Therefore, detection of Hg 2 + and Ag + could be realized using FLTC and the FLTC–Hg 2 + complex, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays and fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that FLTC could be used as a fluorescent probe to detect Hg 2 + and Ag + in L-02 human liver cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel pyrazoline fluorescent probe 1 was synthesized. • It can be used to detect Zn2+/ Cd2+ with high sensitivity and high selectivity. • It has good fluorescence reversibility. • It can be applied to fluorescent Zn2+/ Cd2+ imaging in living cells. A novel multi-response pyrazoline-based fluorescent probe 1 was designed and synthesized with a very simple molecular structure, which exhibited high sensitivity for detecting Zn2+ and Cd2+ in ethanol aqueous solution state based on the dissuasion of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect. The binding modes of the complexes were determined to have 1:1 complexation stoichiometry and the binding constants were calculated to be 1.284 × 104 M−1 for Zn2+ and 4.313 × 103 M−1 for Cd2+ using the nonlinear curve-fitting method. Zn2+ and Cd2+ sensor have high anti-interference ability. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits were determined to be 0.9274 μM for Zn2+ and 0.8158 μM for Cd2+. Notably, the probe was found to have good biological compatibility and was employed to detect Zn2+/ Cd2+ in living Hela cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new pyrene based chemosensor has been synthesized with inexpensive and readily available materials. • The selective detection of Hg 2 2+ and Pb2+ was very quick. • The mechanistic pathway of detection Hg 2 2+ and Pb2+ was monitored through 1H NMR and HRMS. • The effect of metal ions towards probe was studied though CV and fluorescence bio imaging. We developed and synthesized dimeric pyrene with pyridine unit based metal biding fluorescent probe to screen sequence of metal ions. The analyzed pattern showed a clear distinction of responsive and non-responsive metal ions. From the successful experiment, we found that the synthesized probe is selectively responsive to Hg 2 2+ and Pb2+ ions through both visually and optically. This is the first fluorescent chemosensor for Hg 2 2+ based on pyrene. The quantitative aspects of the detection process has been calculated by absorption, emission, lifetime decay and quantum yield study. Eventually, using confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments we attempted to testify the drastic changes in bacterial intracellular cells by inducing fluorescence emission by the combination of the probe with Hg 2 2+ and similarly probe with Pb2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new fluorescent sensor with mono chain as receptor was synthesized. • It demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Zn2+. • DFT calculations shows Zn2+ is formed the distorted four-coordination geometry. • It was applied successfully to detect Zn2+ in aqueous solution and living cells. A novel 4-amino-1, 8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent sensor, with mono iminoethoxyacetic acid as receptor, was developed. It was applied successfully to detect Zn2+ in living cells. Under physiological pH conditions, it demonstrates high selectivity and sensitivity for sensing Zn2+ with about 5-fold enhancement in aqueous solution, with a characteristic emission band of 4-amino-1, 8-naphthalimide with a green color centered at 550 nm. DFT calculations shows Zn2+ is coordinated by the N and O atoms of the iminoethoxyacetic acid arms and methoxy group to form the distorted four-coordination geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]