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Background: A flowering plant seen widely in Southeast Asia and India is gloriosa superba. The poisoning most commonly caused by it is self-poisoning. All part of the plant is toxic. The toxic substance in the seeds and tubers of this plant is colchicine. Case report: In this report, a case of self-poisoning of gloriosa superba poisoning by ingestion of the tuber with an intention of deliberate self-harm is reported. A 29 year old female, had presented with features of Leukocytosis, Pancytopenia, Metabolic disturbance, Alopecia and Acute Toxic encephalopathy. Conclusion: The patient was managed with multi dose activated charcoal MDAC, N -acetyl cysteine (NAC), antiemetics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), IV Fluids, Inj. Potassium chloride and Magnesium sulphate, G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) injection, plasmapheresis, 3%Nacl and antiepileptic medications, patient clinically improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organophosphorus insecticide (OPI) poisoning is a major health problem in India. These are irreversible inhibitors of acetyl cholinesterase which produce a well-established triphasic effect. The first phase which is a cholinergic phase due to increased action of acetylcholine at muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system synapses produces symptoms like Miosis, Blurred Vision, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Salivation, Lacrimation, Bradycardia, Abdominal Pain (Muscarinic), Fasciculations, Paralysis, Pallor, Muscle Weakness, Hypertension, Tachycardia, Mydriasis (Nicotinic), Confusion, Toxic Psychosis, Seizure, Fatigue, Respiratory Depression, Dysarthria, Unconsciousness, Ataxia, Anxiety (Central Effects). The second phase is intermediate syndrome which sets in 2-4 days after initial exposure, the signs and symptoms comprise of muscle fasciculations and neuromuscular paralysis involving the respiratory, bulbar and limb muscles. The third phase is Organophosphorus Induced Delayed Polyneuropathy (OPIDN), which is often noted after 7-21 days of exposure, initial symptoms include paraesthesias, pain in calves, foot drop etc. In addition, extrapyramidal manifestations are also described after acute organophosphorus poisoning such as Dystonia, Rest Tremors, Cog Wheel Rigidity And Choreathetosis. Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide. Studies suggested that long term exposure to cypermethrin induces nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in adult rats. Acute ingestion of cypermethrin will cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, convulsions, coma and death in humans. The etiology of parkinsonism is multi factorial with genetic, environmental and toxic determinants, development of typical parkinsonism after brief exposure to organophosphorus compounds is a rare phenomena and there are only few reports in literature. We report a 40 year old female who presented with cholinergic crisis following acute ingestion of Profofenos and Cypermethrin mixed compound, developed parkinsonism on day 5 of admission and recovered completely after 2 days of treatment with Amantidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In developing countries, the widespread use of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) has been accompanied by increasing incidence of poisoning with these agents, both suicidal and accidental. This is attributed mainly to their easy availability, indiscriminate handling, storage and lack of knowledge about the serious consequences of poisoning. Of the various substance used for suicidal attempts in India, OPCs form a significant group. Since the clinical manifestation of OPC poisoning is diverse ranging from mild symptoms to fatal complications in the course of time, we need proper management of the situation. Materials and methods: Present study included 42 patients with Organophosphorus poisoning admitted in B.J. Medical College, and Civil Hospital Ahmedabad. This study was carried out from June 2018 to June 2019. Patients were managed as per standard protocols of O P poisoning. We also checked for various parameters on like cholinesterase level, complete blood counts, renal function test with electrolytes, liver function test. Results: In this study, majority of patients fell in 20-30 years of age group with male predominance. Most common clinical features were vomiting, miosis and giddiness. Majority of the patients belonged to mild grade. The average s.cholinesterase level was low as severity increases. More doses of PAM and atropine were required in severe poisoning. Most common complication was respiratory paralysis. Death was more in severe poisoning. Conclusion: OPC is one of the most common poisoning in India. In patients of OP poisoning presenting symptoms and s.ChE level directly correlated with severity. Therapeutic required dose of PAM and atropine are different in different grade of severity. Survival amongst patients is definitely better if atropine and PAM are being given with Mechanical ventilator support in cases of respiratory insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In developing countries, the widespread use of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) has been accompanied by increasing incidence of poisoning with these agents, both suicidal and accidental. This is attributed mainly to their easy availability, indiscriminate handling, storage and lack of knowledge about the serious consequences of poisoning. Of the various substance used for suicidal attempts in India, OPCs form a significant group. Since the clinical manifestation of OPC poisoning is diverse ranging from mild symptoms to fatal complications in the course of time, we need proper management of the situation. Materials and methods: We studied 50 patients of organophosphorus poisoning. We checked vital parameters, general examination and systemic examination. We also checked for various parameters on like cholinesterase level, complete blood counts, renal function test with electrolytes, liver function test. Results: In this study majority of patients fell in 20-30 years of age group with male predominance from lower and middle socio-economical class and most common reason was suicidal. Precipitating event were domestic problem, marital friction and financial problem. Most common clinical features were vomiting, miosis and giddiness. Majority of the patients belonged to mild grade. The average S.cholinesterase level was low as severity increases. More doses of PAM and atropine are required in severe poisoning. Most common complication was respiratory paralysis. Death was more in severe poisoning. Conclusion: OPC is one of the most common poisoning in India. Reason for poisoning is most commonly suicidal. It is common in male with low socio-economical class mainly due to domestic problems, financial issue and unhappy married life. In patients of OP poisoning presenting symptoms and S.ChE level directly correlated with severity. Therapeutic required dose of PAM and atropine are different in different grade of severity. Survival amongst patients is definitely better if atropine and PAM are being given with Mechanical ventilator support in cases of respiratory insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unnatural deaths of married women amongst the total female deaths have shown an increasing trend in Indian society during the recent years. These unnatural deaths may be suicidal, homicidal or accidental but suicidal deaths are most common. In India, dowry is an persistent evil, even among educated societies, there is no escape from the brutality of in-laws if expectations are not met and some of these oppressed young women choose to commit suicide, either by burning, poisoning or by some other means. The burden of finding the cause of death lies on the shoulders of forensic experts. In this peculiar case, history and findings were confusing and inconclusive. Then as the ray of hope, flies of autopsy room came to teach us importance of patient observation in Forensic Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayurveda has its own unique way of approach towards the management of visha, and is discussed with the concepts of current science. Snake bite remains an underestimated cause of accidental death in India. Estimates of snakebite mortality in India vary from approximately 1,300 to 50,000 annually. Considering this, World Health Organization added snake bite to their list of neglected hot diseases and designed an exclusive protocol for its management. Acharya Charaka has given 24 Upakramas to counter the cases of poisoning, including Mantras. These can be categorized into different sets of sub divisions for easy and scientific understanding. In the current attempt, efforts were made to provide certain justifications to these classical remedial measures with special emphasis on the measures that restrict the entry of poison into systemic circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poisoning is an important cause of unnatural death, next to road traffic accidents in India even today. Incidence of aluminium phosphide poisoning is increasing day by day in western region of India including Gujarat. Demographic profile of aluminium phosphide poisoning cases is very helpful to be aware of current scenario and to implement preventive steps for betterment of health services. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to know the demographic profile of aluminium phosphide poisoning cases received as indoor or outdoor patient department of Gayatri Hospital, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Material and methods: History taking, complete examination and necessary investigations of all cases of aluminium phosphide poisoning was done, during the period of two years from 01-01-2012 to 31-12-2013. A proforma was prepared to fill up details of the parameters used in the study like prevalence of age and sex, socio-economic status, marital status, religion, literacy status, occupational status, time of consumption, manner of poisoning, reasons for suicidal consumption etc. Results: During the study period, 40 cases were diagnosed as of aluminium phosphide poisoning. Majority of the victims were in the age group of 41-50 years (25%), 70% were married, 80% were Hindu, 65% were of lower socio economical class and 57.5% belonged to rural area. Occurrence of aluminium phosphide poisoning was more common in evening time between 5 pm to 11 pm (45%) and among housewives (27.5%). Suicidal cases (82.5%) were more common compared to others. Conclusion: Based on these findings, preventive measures like restriction of sale and availability of aluminium phosphide, good availability of investigation and treatment, promoting poison information centre etc have been put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]