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Bisphenol A (BPA) as an endocrine-disrupting chemical has been widely detected in the aquatic environment, including Taihu Lake, China. Adsorption and bacterial removal in sediments play important roles in the fate of BPA in the aquatic environment, which might be influenced by the properties of the sediment. In this study, two types of sediments from Gonghu Bay and Meiliang Bay in the northern Taihu Lake were collected to investigate the fate of BPA in the sediments. Both sediments showed different adsorption properties to BPA. Due to the higher proportion of sand and total organic carbon (TOC) content in the Meiliang Bay sediment, its adsorption capacity was stronger than that in the Gonghu Bay sediment. Bacteria in both sediments could completely degrade BPA within 3–5 days. Based on the correlation analysis, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria might be involved in BPA removal at the phyla level. At the genus level, Novosphingobium , Massilia, and Methylophilus were found to be related to the BPA removal in the Gonghu Bay sediment, and Acinetobacter , Bacillus and Pseudomonas were found in the Meiliang Bay sediment. The different bacterial communities might be important reasons for the different removal capacity of BPA in both sediments. The above results provide basic information for the assessment and management of BPA in the Taihu Lake, and improve the understanding of BPA removal in sediments. • BPA adsorption in Meiliang Bay sediment was faster than Gonghu Bay sediment. • Bacteria in both sediments effectively degraded BPA within 3–5 days. • Bacteria that were high correlation with BPA degradation were identified. • Community structure of bacteria influenced the degradation process of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]