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Aim To evaluate the ability of ProGlider instruments, PathFiles and K-files to maintain canal anatomy during glide path preparation using X-ray computed micro-tomography (micro- CT). Methodology Forty-five extracted maxillary first permanent molars were selected. Mesio-buccal canals were randomly assigned ( n = 15) to manual K-file, PathFile or ProGlider groups for glide path preparation. Irrigation was achieved with 5% Na OCl and 10% EDTA. After glide path preparation, each canal was shaped with ProTaper Next X1 and X2 to working length. Specimens were scanned (isotropic voxel size 9.1 μm) for matching volumes and surface areas and post-treatment analyses. Canal volume, surface area, centroid shift, canal geometry variation through ratio of diameter ratios and ratio of cross-sectional areas were assessed in the apical and coronal levels and at the point of maximum canal curvature. One-way factorial anovas were used to evaluate the significance of instrument in the various canal regions. Results Post-glide path analysis revealed that instrument factor was significant at the apical level for both the ratio of diameter ratios and the ratio of cross-sectional areas ( P < 0.001), with an improved maintenance of root canal geometry by ProGlider and PathFile. At the coronal level and point of maximum canal curvature, ProGlider demonstrated a tendency to pre-flare the root canal compared with K-file and PathFile. PathFile and ProGlider demonstrated a significantly lower centroid shift compared with K-file at the apical level ( P = 0.023). Post-shaping analysis demonstrated a more centred preparation of ProGlider, compared with PathFile and K-files, with no significant differences for other parameters. Conclusions Use of ProGlider instruments led to less canal transportation than PathFiles and K-files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To compare the impact of rotary and reciprocating instrumentation on postoperative quality of life ( POQoL) after single-visit primary root canal treatment. Methodology A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed and carried out in a University endodontic practice in northern Italy. Healthy subjects with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis, symptomatic irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis with or without apical periodontitis (symptomatic or asymptomatic) scheduled for primary root canal treatment were enrolled. Single-visit root canal treatment was performed with ProTaper™ S1-S2-F1-F2 (rotary group, n = 23) and WaveOne™ Primary (reciprocating group, n = 24). Irrigation was performed with 5% Na OCl and 10% EDTA. Root canal filling was performed with the continuous-wave technique and ZOE sealer. POQoL indicators were evaluated for 7 days post-treatment. The variation of each indicator over time was compared using anova for repeated measures ( P < 0.05). The impact of each variable on POQoL was analysed with a multivariate logistic regression model ( P < 0.05). Results Pain curves demonstrated a more favourable time-trend in the rotary group (mean, P = 0.077; maximum, P = 0.015). Difficulty in eating ( P = 0.017), in performing daily activities ( P = 0.023), in sleeping ( P = 0.021) and in social relations ( P = 0.077), was more evident in the reciprocating group. Patients' perception of the impact of treatment on POQoL was more favourable in the rotary group ( P = 0.006). Multirooted tooth type and pre-existing periradicular inflammation were associated with a decrease in POQoL. Conclusion Reciprocating instrumentation affected POQoL to a greater extent than rotary instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]