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Gantry five-axis machine tools have garnered acclaim for their robustness, cost-effectiveness, and accuracy in fabricating intricate workpieces. In the era of Industry 4.0, these tools necessitate heightened flexibility, precision, and cognitive capabilities to meet contemporary industrial requisites and accommodate escalating processing demands. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of a gantry five-axis machine tool via the finite element method, encompassing static, modal, spatial accuracy analysis, and topological optimization, to grasp the structural attributes of the entire apparatus. Modal experiments were conducted to validate the numerical findings, with experimental and analytical errors falling within an acceptable range, ranging from 11 to 2.5% respectively. The analysis outcomes facilitated the identification of structural vulnerabilities and resonance frequencies, enabling the avoidance of these frequencies during machining, thereby enhancing machining precision and work piece value. Utilizing ANSYS mechanical, topology optimization of the column was executed, achieving objectives such as weight reduction, augmented rigidity, and enhanced natural frequencies in contrast to the original design. Lattice optimization was applied to the spindle, aiming to elevate the fundamental frequency and diminish mass. This approach yielded a notable frequency increase from 580 to 736 Hz and nearly halved the mass. Spatial accuracy analysis facilitated the detection of component errors at various machine positions, enabling input to the machine tool's controller for error compensation, thereby enhancing precision. This comprehensive investigation underscores the significance of advanced analytical techniques and optimization strategies in fortifying the performance and efficacy of gantry five-axis machine tools in modern industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]