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Background: Osteoporosis is a “silent killer” that millions of people around the world suffer from. It is estimated that about 9.0 million osteoporotic fractures occurred in 2000 and that many were due to osteoporosis. Awareness about osteoporosis and factors contributing to it is of great benefit and is a major public health challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of female university students about osteoporosis through a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study. Methods: Two hundred female students among Medical Sciences, Payam-e-Noor and Azad universities of Khalkhal city were selected by random sampling based on their type of university and levels of Knowledge. A questionnaire including demographic data and 22 questions on osteoporosis was completed to assess their knowledge. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was checked by scientific methods. In this study, knowledge means the sum of scores which was classified as desirable, partially desirable and undesirable. Collected data was analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.19 and proper statistical tests. Results: The results showed that most knowledge of the students was partially desirable (55.5%). The most resources of knowledge were media (29%). The knowledge scores were not statistically positive associated with educational level (p=0.568) and source of information (p=0.425), while association was found for age (p=0.014), gender (p=0.0028) and type of University (p=0.043). Conclusions: On the whole to reduce osteoporosis, it is necessary to concentrate more on intervention programs to increase women’s knowledge about this silent disease.

Background: Urinary stones are one of the most common and earliest known human diseases. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is known as the most common method for treating urinary stones less than 20-25 mm. The aim of this study was to evaluation the success rate of ESWL in patients with urinary stones.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study 200 patients with urinary stones between 7-25 mm which were candidates for lithotripsy, enrolled in the study. Patients with coagulation disorders, urinary or other organ transplantation, pregnant women, uncontrolled blood pressure patients, and those who are contraindicated for drug use have been excluded from the study. The process was carried out by an operator and by the Dornier Compact Delta II lithotriptor. Two weeks later, the patients were re-visited, and ultrasound was performed, and the success rate of stones was measured and recorded and classified in three groups complete response, partial response and failure in treatment. Collected data analysed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19.Results: Efficacy of Arian 101 lithotriptor in removing of renal stones, were found to be 74% complete response, 25.5% partial response while 0.5% of subjects had no response. There was significant positive correlation between the size of stones before and after lithotripsy (r=0.49, p=0.001). In stones upper than 10 mm, the upper calices stones had 100% complete response. Also, in stones lower than 10 mm, the upper calices stones had 100% complete response.Conclusions: The results showed that Dornier Compact Delta II lithotriptor has more efficacy in treatment of stones. In stones below 10 mm, the success rate of treatment was generally higher, especially in the upper calices stones and pelvic. In stones larger than 10 mm, the success rate was slightly lower, but in the case of upper calices stones, the complete response was 100%.

Background: Emotional intelligence is one of the most important factors for the job and social success of individuals that is necessary for effective performance of all employees working in different governmental and private sectors, medical centers, factories and others. The aim of this study was to investigate the Emotional Intelligence (EI) in Ardabil University staff.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 150 staff employed in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences which selected randomly. Data collected by Goleman EI questionnaire and analysed by statistical descriptive methods in SPSS.19.Results: The mean age of samples was 7.6±40.8 and 56% of samples were male. 93.3% of samples had university degree. The EI of most of employees with 68% were in moderate level.Conclusions: Conducting appropriate and effective training courses on emotional intelligence can be very effective in promoting job success, social success, and better interaction between staff and people.

Background: Cosmetic surgery known as prevalent surgeries in the world that annually thousands of people are undergoing cosmetic surgery to change their appearance. Each year more than 200000 cosmetic surgery have been done on patients 18 years and low and about 390000 of them included surgeries such as breast, cosmetic, abdomen and nose. Iran in terms of plastic surgeries performed proportion to total population is located in the first rank of the world. Studies showed that social and mental factors have main role in doing these surgeries. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city. Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study has been done on 120 women 15-50 years referred to cosmetic surgery clinics and centers. Samples selected randomly from centers which doing Rhinoplasty and data collected by a research base questionnaire including information about demographic data, causes and motive of women tend to Rhinoplasty. Results: Most of women were in the age group 15-20 (39.1%). 56.7% of women were married and 45% were housekeeper. 15% of women have history of psychological diseases and 58.3% have history of doing surgery in their family. Conclusions: Results showed that self confidence known as important factor in Rhinoplasty. Personality characteristics, social conditions and environmental factors play an important role in women tend to cosmetic surgery. So, we need doing studies in big samples for recognize the dimensions of effective factors in doing Rhinoplasty among women.

Background: Overweight and obesity and its problems are the most important health and nutrition issues of adolescents in developed countries. This study aimed to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity among high school girls in Ardabil.Methods: As a cross sectional study height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. BMI and WHR were used to assess the overweight and obesity. Data analysed by statistical methods in SPSS.19.Results: The mean age of students was 16.6±1.1 years. 0.25 of students were in age 16. According to BMI, 8.8% of all students have overweight. According to the WHR, 72 (35.1%) had WHR >0.8 which were in unhealthy high risk group.Conclusions: Results showed that the rate of overweight and obesity in high school girls in Ardabil was lower than many studies in country. So, programming for rising their knowledge about obesity related factors and increasing their physical activity and modify feeding behaviour is essential.

Background: 10-20% of all strokes are caused by intracerebral haemorrhage which is the world's leading cause of neural tube defects and the second cause of mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to assessment the effect of acetazolamide in the symptom improvement, decreasing rankin scale and mortality rate in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Methods: This is a clinical trial study that has been done on 120 stroke patients which divided randomly in two groups each with 60 patients. Patients in intervention group take acetazolamide 750 mg/day and in control group take placebo. The status of patients investigated by Rankin scale in three times baseline, 72 hours and 3 weeks after Cerebral haemorrhage. Results: Of all patients, 49 (40.8%) were male and 71 (59.1%) were female. Putamen haemorrhage is the most location for cerebral haemorrhage (n = 43, 35.8%). According to the Rankin scale, 53 (44.2%) of patients were in the status 4 “moderately severe disability. Unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance and unable to walk unassisted” in baseline. In the intervention group based on Rankin scale after 72 hour and three week the recovery rate was significantly more than control group. Conclusions: Acetazolamide can be effective in treatment haemorrhagic stroke, decreasing Rankin scale and mortality rate in patients with cerebral haemorrhage.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and affects the optic nerves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge rate of Ardabil city people about multiple sclerosis. Methods: This study is a descriptive analytical study that has been done on 150 people of Ardabil which selected randomly from all over the city based on geographical location. Data gathered by a questionnaire include two section characterized and knowledge questions. Collected data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.16 using tables, charts and statistical indexes. Results: The study population aged between 20-65 years with a mean age of 32/34 years. 48/7% of participants were female and 51/3% men. Approximately 25/3% of Participants in this study had good knowledge about MS and other have moderate level and lower rate of knowledge. Most of people get their information through TV and radio programs about MS (46/2%). Conclusions: Results showed that the knowledge rate of people about MS was in moderate and lower levels. So, present educational programs and increasing knowledge rate of people about MS by TV and radio programs is necessary.

Background: BCC and SCC are the most prevalent malignant non-melanoma skin tumors. BCC is the most common skin tumor in white-skinned people, and as one ages, after being 40 year-old, incidence rate of BCC increases. SCC has the next rank and is more common in middle-aged and old persons. The present study addresses the prevalence of melanoma and non-melanoma malignancies in patients visiting dermatology clinics in Ardabil during 2002-2013. Methods: This study was of retrospective descriptive type. Approximately out of 100000 medical records of patients visiting dermatology clinics, 371 cases were chosen. The selected cases had undergone biopsy on suspicion of malignancy and their pathological response was attached to the record. Data were analyzed through SPSS, version 19, and descriptive as well as inferential statistical tests were used. Results: The prevalence of malignant skin tumors was 0.37%. 48% of cases were male, and 52% were females. The mean age of patients was 62.4 with a standard deviation of 15, and individuals of 50-70 age range had the peak incidence (46.1%). BCC was the most prevalent lesion (72%). Nose was the most common area for skin tumors (35.6%). For BCC the mean age was 62 ± 14, and for SCC it was 64.6 ± 17. Conclusions: According to the results, BCC was the most prevalent tumor. Skin tumors were mostly observed among females, and the most common locus was nose.

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a common problem during pregnancy which complicated 5 to 10 % of total pregnancies and 20 % of first pregnancies. Mothers with pre-eclampsia are at higher risk of maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia risk factors among pregnant women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 2011-2013, 592 Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia mothers have been studied. Information gathered by a checklist include information about risk factors of PE&E such as age up 30,family history, abortion, HTN, thrombophilia, diabetes before pregnancy, parity, renal failure, infertility and twin birth from archived files in hospital. Gathered data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS-19. The level of significance was p