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This paper compares the powers of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test under ranked set sampling (RSS) and under double ranked set sampling (DRSS) using the level-2 sampling design. The extensive simulation study showed that in a single auxiliary variable case, the test is approximately equally efficient under RSS and DRSS. In a multiple auxiliary variables case, the test under DRSS is at least as efficient as that under RSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of urbanization on the diversity of bird species near the city of Amravati, India. The secondary data used for analysis consist of counts of the bird species sampled over the four stages along an urbanization gradient, namely, the rural forest area, peri-urban area, suburban area, and urban area. Exploratory data analysis and analysis of variance show that the urbanization significantly impacts the diversity of bird species in the region. The richness of species decreases with an increasing level of urbanization while the evenness in the urban area is substantially lower than that in other urbanization stages. The overall diversity significantly weakens with the higher stage of urbanization. The species in the region can be classified into notably different groups according to their abundance distribution along an urbanization gradient. The comfort zone of most of the species is the rural forest area. However, some species have adapted themselves to the urbanization to the extent that their comfort zones are the higher urbanization stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]