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The aim of this study was to fit anidulafungin in vitro static time-kill data from nine strains of Candida with a pharmacodynamic (PD) model in order to describe the antifungal activity of this drug against Candida spp. Time-kill data from strains of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis clades were best fit using an adapted sigmoidal Emax model and resulted in a set of PD parameters (Emax, EC50 and Hill factor) for each fungal strain. The data were analysed with NONMEM 7. Anidulafungin was effective in a species- and concentration-dependent manner against the strains of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis clades as observed with the EC50 estimates. Maximum killing rate constant (Emax) values were higher against C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis complex strains. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the activity of anidulafungin against Candida can be accurately described using an adapted sigmoidal Emax model., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.)

The in vitro antifungal activity of terbinafine against 521 clinical isolates of seven species of dermatophytes, including four onychomycosis-causative species, as well as five Scopulariopsis brevicaulis isolates was determined by a modified Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute microdilution method. Results showed a high antifungal activity of terbinafine against all dermatophyte isolates (geometric minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.026 microg/mL; concentration inhibiting 50% of mycological growth (MIC50)=0.03 microg/mL; and concentration inhibiting 90% of mycological growth (MIC90)=0.06 microg/mL). The geometric mean MICs against onychomycosis-causative dermatophyte species was lower (0.024 microg/mL) than the global MIC. However, the in vitro activity of terbinafine against S. brevicaulis was considerably lower (geometric mean MIC=1.38 microg/mL) in comparison with dermatophytes. The antifungal activity of itraconazole was lower than that of terbinafine against these fungi. These data confirm the high in vitro antifungal activity of terbinafine against dermatophytes, under standardised conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activities of voriconazole and fluconazole against Candida glabrata and Candida krusei isolated from blood during a 14-year period (1990-2003) at the tertiary care hospital of Cruces (Barakaldo, Spain). The in vitro activities of fluconazole and voriconazole against 28 isolates of C. glabrata and 15 isolates of C. krusei were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion method. Of the 28 C. glabrata isolates tested, 24 (85.7%) were susceptible (S) to fluconazole, 2 (7.1%) were susceptible dose-dependent (S-DD) and 2 (7.1%) were resistant (R). All C. krusei isolates were classified as R to fluconazole. Resistance to voriconazole was observed in one isolate each of C. glabrata (3.6%) and C. krusei (6.7%), and one isolate of each species was S-DD. These results were confirmed by the Sensititre YeastOne and Etest methods, with good comparative results. Voriconazole was very active in vitro against C. glabrata and C. krusei blood isolates and the resistance observed was not related to the introduction of voriconazole in the therapeutic schedule of the hospital. These facts support the usefulness of voriconazole as a therapeutic tool for candidaemia caused by these species.

The in vitro activity of the combination micafungin + itraconazole was evaluated against 105 strains of six species of Candida. The highest percentage of synergy was obtained against Candida albicans (50%) and the lowest against Candida tropicalis (0%).