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En Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin, l’élevage du porc constitue une activité génératrice de revenu. Toutefois, les acteurs de ce secteur sont confrontés à de nombreuses difficultés dont le parasitisme qui entraîne une baisse de production et de productivité. Le présent travail a pour but de faire une revue de littérature sur les parasites qui affectent l’élevage des porcs en Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin. De l’analyse des données collectées, il ressort que trois types d’élevage sont pratiqués au Bénin : l’élevage traditionnel, prédominant et pratiqué à 65%, l’élevage semi-intensif ou semi moderne à 32% et enfin l’élevage intensif ou moderne à 3%. L’amélioration des conditions d’élevage et particulièrement l’alimentation du porc indigène d’Afrique est favorable à l’expression de son potentiel zootechnique. Malgré l’optimalisation des rations, les performances zootechniques du porc local restent encore faibles par rapport à celles des races améliorées. Très peu d’étude sont abordé la prévalence des parasites internes du porc au plan national, mais parmi les parasites rapportés, on a noté : Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, le genre Hyostrongylus et d'autres parasites internes du porc. Il s’impose de mener une étude sur les parasites du porc au Bénin afin de déterminer la prévalence des différents parasites et le danger que ces derniers représentent pour le développement de cette filière. English title: Zootechnical importance and internal parasites of local pigs (Sus crofa domesticus) raised in Benin: bibliographic synthesis In Africa, and particularly in Benin, pig farming is an income-generating activity. However, the actors of this sector are confronted with many difficulties, including parasitism which leads to a decrease in production and productivity. The aim of this study is to review the literature on parasites affecting pig farming in Africa, articularly in Benin. From the analysis of the data collected, it appears that three types of livestock production are practised in Benin: traditional livestock production, which is predominant and practised at 65%, semi-intensive or semi-modern livestock production at 32% and finally intensive or modern livestock production at 3%. The improvement of breeding conditions and particularly the feeding of the indigenous African pig is favorable to the expression of its zootechnical potential. Despite the optimization of rations, the zootechnical performance of local pigs is still low compared to that of improved breeds. Very few studies have addressed the prevalence of internal parasites of pigs at the national level, but among the parasites reported were: Ascaris suum, Strongyloides ransomi, Trichuris suis, the genus Hyostrongylus and other internal parasites of pigs. It is necessary to conduct a study on pig parasites in Benin in order to determine the prevalence of the different parasites and the danger that they represent for the development of this sector.

En elevage des petits ruminants, la gestion des parasitoses gastro-intestinales reste une preoccupation majeure a laquelle l’ethnopharmacopee est associee. La presente etude vise a comparer l’effet combine des poudres, puis des extraits methanoliques de deux plantes ( Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides et Newbouldia laevis ) sur les parasites gastro-intestinaux des agneaux Djallonke. Ainsi, les effets anthelminthiques de la consommation de la poudre de feuilles des deux plantes ont ete evalues pour des traitements sur un et trois jours consecutifs. Les poudres ont ete administrees separement a la dose de 3,8 g/kg de poids vif pour chaque plante, puis combinees a hauteur de 50% de cette dose pour chaque plante (Mixte 1) et a hauteur de 100% de la meme dose (Mixte 2). Quant a l’extrait methanolique, un traitement sur trois jours consecutifs a ete teste a la dose de 0,6 g/kg de poids corporel. Le traitement de trois jours avec les poudres de feuille a induit une reduction significative (p ≤ 0,01) de l’excretion fecale des oeufs avec une efficacite plus marquee pour Z. zanthoxyloides et les traitements mixtes. L’administration des extraits methanoliques pendant trois jours a montre apres sacrifice des animaux et denombrement des nematodes une diminution significative (p ≤ 0,05) du nombre de vers adultes de T. colubriformis avec Z. zanthoxyloides , Mixte 1 et Mixte 2 et de H. contortus avec Z. zanthoxyloides , N. laevis et Mixte 2. Par contre, les reductions d’excretion des oeufs induites par les traitements avec les extraits seuls ou combines ne sont pas significatives (p > 0,05). Les poudres des feuilles de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides et Newbouldia laevis administrees separement ou en combinaison sur trois jours consecutifs perturbent donc la prolificite de H. contortus et de T. colubriformis pendant que l’application des extraits methanoliques des deux plantes, seules ou associees, affectent leur viabilite. Ces deux plantes de meme que leurs combinaisons a bonne dose pourraient alors constituer une alternative a la chimiotherapie pour controler les principaux parasites gastro-intestinaux. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Mots cles: Agneaux Djallonke, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides , Newbouldia laevi s, Haemonchus contortus , Trichostrongylus colubriformis , OPG English Abstract The management of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in small ruminant production remains a major concern which associates ethnopharmacology. This study aimed at comparing the combination of powders and methanol extracts of two plants ( Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Newbouldia laevis ) on gastrointestinal parasites of Djallonke lambs. Thus, the anthelmintic effects of the consumption of the two plants leaves powder were evaluated for treatment on one and three consecutive days. The powders were separately administered at the dose of 3.8 g/kg body weight for each plant and then combined with 50% of this dose to each plant (Mixed 1) and up to 100% of the same dose (Mixed 2). For the methanol extract, a treatment on three consecutive days was tested at the dose of 0.6 g/kg body weight. The three-day treatment with the leaves powder induced a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) fecal excretion of eggs with a greater efficacy for Z. zanthoxyloides and mixed treatments. The administration of the methanol extracts for three days showed after the slaughtering of animals and enumeration of nematodes a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) of the number of adult worms of T. colubriformis with Z. zanthoxyloides , Mixed 1 and 2 and H. contortus with Z. zanthoxyloides , N. laevis and Mixed 2. In contrast, the egg excretion reductions induced by treatments with extracts alone or combined, are not significant (p> 0.05). Leaves powders of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Newbouldia laevis administered separately or in combination on three consecutive days therefore disturb the prolificacy of H. contortus and T. colubriformis while the application of methanolic extracts of both plants alone or in combination, affect their viability. Both plants and their combinations, at correct doses could then, as an alternative to chemotherapy, control major gastrointestinal parasites. © 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Djallonke lambs, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides , Newbouldia laevis , Haemonchus contortus , Trichostrongylus colubriformis , EPG

The Somba cattle (Bos Taurus brachyceros sp), located in Benin and Togo, has a severe reduction of its livestock in recent decades. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of this phenomenon, in order to propose new approaches of conservation. The study consisted of surveys with targeted farmers and cattle. The results indicate that Somba cattle are not cared for both in terms of food and health, justifying its low performance and high mortality rate. The parameters covered by the study vary from one mode of farming to another. For individual parameters, entrusted farming is more interesting. In more than 80% of the farms of this mode, age at first calving is around 36 months, whereas it is of 42 months in the home farming, and have an inter calving period of 14 months which is also less than 24 months in the second case. Demographic parameters seem more interesting than home farming. Then, the mortality rate is 13.46% in home farming against 16.61% in entrusted farming. Regarding to external factors, health monitoring is lax in both modes. Food is a great concern especially during the dry season. The absorption by zebu was often mentioned as the main cause of the decrease of Somba cattle livestock. The present study shows that high mortality due to an absence of health monitoring is the basis of the sharp decline in the number of Somba cattle. The influence of zebu is currently marginal because 96.22% of cattle at the farm level respondents are Somba breed. Keywords: Parameters, individuals, demographic, livestock, conservation, mortality