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Mothers arrive in pediatric institutions with a medical background psycho-emotionally burdened which affects the quality of the treatments. The aim of this study was to characterize the medical experience of mothers of patients from 6 to 59 months old admitted at the hospital in terms of morbidity and infant mortality. It’s a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted from 16 January to 2 May 2016 in two reference hospitals in Niamey. The mothers were interviewed on the medical history of their children. The study concerned 287 mothers of hospitalized children from 6 to 59 months old. 74% of them were between 18 and 35 years old; 62.02% not in school and 87.45% without income-generating activities. Among the children from 6 to 59 months old hospitalized or dead in the past, boys were leading in number with respectively, 64.52% and 53.92%. The findings from this study revealed that the hospitalizations and infant death most concerned the children from 6 to 11 months old with respectively, 42% and 48%. The results also showed that 15.38% of mothers were unsatisfied of the treatment during their last stay at the hospital. The morbidity was correlated with the sex (P = 0.035) and with the age group (p = 0.004) whereas the mortality was correlated with the age group only (P = 0.0001). Thus mothers still feel the past medical situation of their children that must be taken into account in the relations among the cures. Keywords : Morbidity, mortality, emergency, pediatrics, Niger.

En l’absence d’intervention dietetique, tout etat morbide entrainerait un affaiblissement des reserves energetiques et un bilan azote negatif. L’objectif de l’etude etait de determiner la pertinence d’une rehabilitation nutritionnelle systematique a base de laits F75 et F100 aux malades hospitalises aux urgences pediatriques. Il s’agit d’une etude descriptive transversale conduite du 16 janvier au 2 mai 2016 dans deux centres hospitaliers de reference de Niamey. 287 enfants âges de 6 a 59 mois ont ete concernes. Lorsqu’un enfant tombait malade, environ 67% des meres mettaient plus de 72 heures avant de recourir a l’hopital. Ce retard dans la consultation aggravait significativement l’etat nutritionnel de l’enfant (p < 0,05). L’intervention dietetique a ameliore significativement les parametres cliniques comme l’etat de conscience (p = 0,012), la taille du foie (p = 0,001) et la souplesse abdominale (p = 0,001). Les enfants etaient restes a 87%, en phase de stabilisation, entre 5 a 7 jours. La duree moyenne etait de 3,6 jours. Environ 56% des sujets avaient eu un gain de poids moyen de 6 a 10g/Kg/j a leur sortie de la phase de stabilisation et 86% des meres se sont declarees satisfaites. Une rehabilitation nutritionnelle systematique des patients hospitalises aux urgences pediatriques s’avere donc indispensable. Mots cles : Urgences pediatriques, malnutrition, dietetique, gain de poids.

Citrullus Colocynthis and Lagenaria siceraria are two species of Cucurbitaceae whose seeds are used for the production of dough, cakes and edible oils in Niger. Yield in seeds of 18 varieties belonging to these two species were assessed on the Faculty experimental field. The average berries production was 17 berries per plant the first year in contrast 6 the second year. The best productivity was achieved with Citrullus colocynthis which gave 82 berries per plant the 1st year. The average yield in seeds was 180.15 kg/ha the first year and 704.30 kg/ha the second year. The determination of the physicochemical characteristics showed water, ashes, fat, and protein contents which vary respectively from 7 to 9.50%, 4.13 to 4.84%, 18 to 47% and 11 to 35%. The yield in seeds oil varied from 13.7 to 134 L per ha in the first year and 0.26 liters to 800 L per ha the 2nd year. These are the first studies on Cucurbitaceae which link agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of seeds. They showed very important nutrient contents and oil yield, and even higher than some conventional oilseeds. Extraction of oils from these seeds could meet the need of the populations. Keywords : Cucurbitaceae, Niger, yield, seeds, oils, food security.

A field experiment was carried out to study genetic variability and correlation between percent defoliation, Cercospora severity, yield and yield components in groundnut, in North Cameroon. Genotypic coefficient of variability, broad sense heritability, genetic gain and correlation coefficients between all the characters studied were estimated by the variance components procedure. Results show that Cercospora severity and fodder yield at harvest had high and significant genotypic correlation coefficients of +0.74** and - 0.61*, respectively with percent defoliation. This indicates that these characters are governed by the same genes (pleiotropism). Thus, selection could be carried out on disease severity and fodder yield at harvest to improve resistance to Cercospora leaf spots in groundnut.

A field experiment was carried out to study genetic variability and correlation between percent defoliation, Cercospora severity, yield and yield components in groundnut, in North Cameroon. Genotypic coefficient of variability, broad sense heritability, genetic gain and correlation coefficients between all thecharacters studied were estimated by the variance components procedure. Results show that Cercospora severity and fodder yield at harvest had high and significant genotypic correlation coefficients of +0.74** and - 0.61*, respectively with percent defoliation. This indicates that these characters are governed by the same genes (pleiotropism). Thus, selection could be carried out on disease severity and fodder yield at harvest to improve resistance to Cercospora leaf spots in groundnut.