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A population-based case-control study of risk factors for childhood cancer was conducted for 593 cases diagnosed over the period 1986-1988 in Moscow children 0 to 14 years of age. Two healthy controls to every case were selected from registers of local pediatric polyclinics by age, gender and residence. The parents of 593 cases and 1181 controls were interviewed face-to-face. Significantly higher odds ratios (OR) were associated with cancer in close relatives [OR 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-1.9], any pathology associated with pregnancy (OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.4-3.6), including threatened miscarriage (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5-3.0), toxemia (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.8-2.8) and hormone treatment during pregnancy (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0-4.5). Pre-term births were significantly associated with brain-cancer risk (6/1; OR 13.3; 95% CI 1.5-301.2). For low birth weight ( or = 4000 g (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.9). Risk of nephroblastoma was also significantly related to this factor (11/5; OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.6-16.4). A positive trend of OR with decreasing duration of breastfeeding was significant for all cancer combined (p < 0.05). Significantly higher OR were observed for dermatitis (12/6; OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.4-12.1) and viral hepatitis (40/22; OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.3-6.3) in child medical history.

A population-based case-control study was conducted on 593 cancer cases in children from 0 to 14 years of age diagnosed in Moscow from 1986 to 1988. The study included 1181 healthy controls matched by age, gender and residence. Parental exposures prior to conception, including exposures to petroleum products, organic solvents, unspecified chemicals, soldering aerosols, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields (EMF), visual display units (VDU) and high temperature in the work environment, were significantly more frequent among the cases than among the controls (p

A population-based case-control study of risk factors for childhood cancer was conducted for 593 cases diagnosed over the period 1986-1988 in Moscow children 0 to 14 years of age. Two healthy controls to every case were selected from registers of local pediatric polyclinics by age, gender and residence. The parents of 593 cases and 1181 controls were interviewed face-to-face. Significantly higher odds ratios (OR) were associated with cancer in close relatives [OR 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-1.9], any pathology associated with pregnancy (OR 2.9; 95% CI 2.4-3.6), including threatened miscarriage (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5-3.0), toxemia (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.8-2.8) and hormone treatment during pregnancy (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.0-4.5). Pre-term births were significantly associated with brain-cancer risk (6/1; OR 13.3; 95% CI 1.5-301.2). For low birth weight (or = 2500 g) children born from full-term pregnancy, the OR for all cancers combined was 2.5 (23/22; 95% CI 1.4-4.7) and for leukemias 4.7 (9/4; 95% CI 1.4-16.5). In all, 100 cases and 151 controls had birth weightor = 4000 g (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.9). Risk of nephroblastoma was also significantly related to this factor (11/5; OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.6-16.4). A positive trend of OR with decreasing duration of breastfeeding was significant for all cancer combined (p0.05). Significantly higher OR were observed for dermatitis (12/6; OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.4-12.1) and viral hepatitis (40/22; OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.3-6.3) in child medical history.

A population-based case-control study was conducted on 593 cancer cases in children from 0 to 14 years of age diagnosed in Moscow from 1986 to 1988. The study included 1181 healthy controls matched by age, gender and residence. Parental exposures prior to conception, including exposures to petroleum products, organic solvents, unspecified chemicals, soldering aerosols, ionizing radiation, electromagnetic fields (EMF), visual display units (VDU) and high temperature in the work environment, were significantly more frequent among the cases than among the controls (p0.05). Leukemia risk was associated with paternal exposure to ionizing radiation [odds ratio (OR) 6.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8-15.8], EMF (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.8-11.9), VDU (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.0-5.8) and unspecified chemicals (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.02-4.1). Leukemia risk was also higher when mothers were exposed to solvents (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.5-6.3), unspecified chemicals (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.0-4.3), ionizing radiation (OR 10.3; 95% CI 1.3-83.4) and EMF (OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.6-16.8). Increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was shown to be related to maternal exposure to oil products (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.01-10.7) and unspecified chemicals (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.01-10.7). Exposure to VDU was found to be associated with increased risk of neuroblastoma (6/1; OR 13.8; 95% CI 1.9-100.0).