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Background The relative and absolute risks of outcomes other than all-cause death (ACD) attributable to atrial fibrillation (AF) stratified age have not been sufficiently investigated. Methods A prospective study of 23,634 community dwellers aged 40years or older without organic cardiovascular disease (AF=335, non-AF=23,299) was conducted. Multivariate-adjusted rates, rate ratios (RRs) and excess deaths (EDs) for ACD, cardiovascular death (CVD) and non-cardiovascular death (non-CVD), and sex- and age-adjusted RR and ED in middle-aged (40 to 69) and elderly (70years or older) for ACD, CVD, non-CVD, sudden cardiac death (SCD), stroke-related death (Str-D), neoplasm-related death (NPD), and infection-related death (IFD) attributable to AF were estimated using Poisson regression. Results Multivariate-adjusted analysis revealed that AF significantly increased the risk of ACD (RR [95% confidence interval]:1.70 [1.23–2.95]) and CVD (3.86 [2.38–6.27]), but not non-CVD. Age-stratified analysis revealed that AF increased the risk of Str-D in middle-aged (14.5 [4.77–44.3]) and elderly individuals (4.92 [1.91–12.7]), SCD in elderly individuals (3.21 [1.37–7.51]), and might increase the risk of IFD in elderly individuals (2.02 [0.80–4.65], p =0.098). The RR of CVD was higher in middle-aged versus elderly individuals (RRs, 6.19 vs. 3.57) but the absolute risk difference was larger in elderly individuals (EDs: 7.6 vs. 3.0 per 1000person-years). Conclusions Larger absolute risk differences for ACD and CVD attributable to AF among elderly people indicate that the absolute burden of AF is higher in elderly versus middle-aged people despite the relatively small RR.

Background The reason why coexistence of preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria contributes to a high risk of death and which cause of death increases all-cause mortality have not been elucidated. Methods A total of 16,759 participants aged 40 to 69years with normal or mildly reduced eGFR (45–119ml/min/1.73m 2 ) were enrolled and divided into six groups (group 1, eGFR: 90–119 without albuminuria; group 2, eGFR: 90–119 with albuminuria; group 3, eGFR: 60–89 without albuminuria (reference); group 4, eGFR: 60–89 with albuminuria; group 5, eGFR: 45–59 without albuminuria; group 6, eGFR: 45–59 with albuminuria) based on GFR estimated by using the CKD-EPI study equation modified by a Japanese coefficient and albuminuria (urine albumin–creatinine ratio ≥30mg/g). Outcomes included all-cause death (ACD), cardiovascular death (CVD) and neoplasm-related death (NPD). Multivariable-adjusted mortality rate ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the groups were estimated by Poisson's regression analysis. Results The highest risk of ACD (RR (95% CIs): 3.95 (2.08–7.52)), CVD (7.15 (2.25–22.7)) and NPB (3.25 (1.26–8.38)) was observed in group 2. Subjects in group 2 were relatively young and had the highest levels of body mass index, blood pressure and HbA 1c and the highest prevalence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Coexistence of preserved eGFR and albuminuria increases risks for ACD, CVD and NPD. Relatively young metabolic persons having both preserved eGFR and albuminuria should be considered as a very high-risk population.

Concordance of CKD stages in estimation by the CKD-EPI equation and estimation by the MDRD equation in the Japanese general population: The Iwate KENCO Study☆ Masaki Ohsawa ⁎, Kozo Tanno , Kazuyoshi Itai , Tanvir Chowdhury Turin , Tomonori Okamura , Akira Ogawa , Kuniaki Ogasawara , Tomoaki Fujioka , Toshiyuki Onoda , Yuki Yoshida , Shin-ichi Omama , Yasuhiro Ishibashi , Motoyuki Nakamura , Shinji Makita , Fumitaka Tanaka , Toru Kuribayashi , Tomiko Koyama , Kiyomi Sakata , Akira Okayama b

Corrigendum to “High risks of all-cause and cardiovascular deaths in apparently healthy middle-aged people with preserved glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria: A prospective cohort study” [Int J Cardiol 170 (2013) 167–172] Masaki Ohsawa, Tomoaki Fujioka, Kuniaki Ogasawara, Kozo Tanno, Tomonori Okamura, Tanvir Chowdhury Turin, Kazuyoshi Itai, Akira Ogawa, Yuki Yoshida, Shinichi Omama, Toshiyuki Onoda, Motoyuki Nakamura, Shinji Makita, Yasuhiro Ishibashi, Fumitaka Tanaka, Toru Kuribayashi, Mutsuko Ohta, Kiyomi Sakata, Akira Okayama