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Introduction: Drowning is one of the cases that contribute to a high number of death cases as unintentional injury cases worldwide. The victims of this issue are higher among primary school children. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be performed for drowning victims who showed an absence of breathing and pulse to regain their consciousness and their life. Furthermore, providing the knowledge and practice of CPR should not only be limited to adults but also the children including at the primary level. Objectives: This study aimed to identify knowledge and the practice of CPR for drowning victims before and after the intervention given. Methods: A pre-post interventional study design with a purposive sampling method was conducted at the primary school. The studied participants were primary school children who live near the coastal areas. Developed self-administered questionnaires and CPR educational videos were used in this study to identify the knowledge and practice of the studied participants. The data were analysed by using IBM SPSS statistics version 25.0. Results: The studied participant's ages were 10 and 11 years old. They were capable of comprehending the information delivered to them. Both knowledge and practice of CPR for drowning victims were increased after the educational video intervention was given to them. Conclusion: The findings showed that although they lacked knowledge and practice of CPR for drowning victims before the intervention, they were able to show improvements in their total score for both parts after the intervention. Educating the children as early as 10 years old regarding CPR for drowning victims was capable to be carried out in the local setting. Hence, the implementation of CPR courses in the curriculum of school children starting from the primary level may happen in the future.

Objective: Behavioural modification required transition process to occur. There is limited data discussed on self-transition process to occur. Thus, this paper is aimed to examine self-transition concept for better understanding in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus client. Methods: A Walker & Avant guideline was employed during concept analysis carried out. 20 articles have been extracted from CINAHL, ProQuest and Science Direct with duration of published paper within 2000 to 2016. Keywords of transition, transitions, self-transition and self-transition were used in extracting relevant articles. Results: Trust and empowerment are required antecedents prior to self-transition occurrence. There are four different attributes namely as challenges, availability of support system, vulnerability and self-regulatory/self- efficacy. Consequence of self-transition will lead to behavioural modification which may occurs through self -evaluation or epiphanies. Sustainability is another aspect that should be considered in maintaining behavioural modification. Conclusion: Self-transition will occur with the assistance of self-regulatory/self- efficacy based on the availability of support system. Furthermore, challenges and vulnerability will assist in shaping a person self-transition. Indeed, trust and empowerment are the antecedents prior to the development of individual self-transition. Successfulness of self-transition occurrence depends on sustainability of resources and perceptive behavioural modification changes either through self- evaluation or epiphanies.

LETTER TO EDITOR Challenges for Education in Nursing Nursing challenges have evolved over time, but the profession itself remains true to those who are motivated to serve others. Nurses are responsible for more than just patient care; they are also responsible for the promotion of health care and personal well-being. Nursing education, the role in community care, the development of areas of specialisation, and nursing leadership all require periodic transformation in line with rapid technological change, the world's growing elderly population, and the current twists and challenges in providing the best possible care. Nurses have an impact on people of all ages, ethnic groups, backgrounds, and communities while working tirelessly to meet the sick and vulnerable's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Nursing is a profession that requires someone who is resilient, dedicated, and empathetic in order to provide care to the community. According to WHO recommendations, nursing education should be standardised around the world, with minimum qualifications at Bachelor’s degree. Advanced degree programmes, such as a have expanded the offerings and reach of modern-day nurses, providing them with the skills needed to meet evolving nursing challenges. Nurses must brace themselves for upcoming challenges, which may worsen as the world's population grows. As a result, the specialisation curriculum should include more areas involving clinical experience for various specialties and treatment of acute and chronic diseases, and public health. This is exacerbated by an increase in the number of patients with a wide range of problems and symptoms that necessitate the specialisation of advanced clinical skills, the complexity of work, and the dedication to patient care. In the face of various challenges, a lack of nursing expertise will limit treatment to patients and even weaken treatment care. Nurses with specialisations in developing countries have been able to provide the best possible care to patients with a high rate of success. However, in order to be a successful nurse, each nurse must have certain strengths, interests, and expertise In order to prepare for becoming a developed country and facing future challenges, such nursing strategies and directions must be prepared in accordance with WHO recommendations. Today, nursing is a vast and varied field with a plethora of opportunities for those interested in pursuing it as a career. Nursing challenges are unique due to the level of investment nurses have in their work. They get to know their patients, are concerned about their needs, and contribute significantly to their patients' recovery. Despite the daily challenges of nursing, they make a difference in the lives of the many people they touch. References